Novel Li3VO4/MoS2 composite used as anode materials for lithium ion batteries was first synthesized through a facile one-step solvothermal route. The Li3VO4/MoS2 composite compounds achieved excellent electrochemical performance such as high specific capacity, superior stable cycling and good rate performance. Under a current density of 100mAg−1, the discharge/charge capacity of the Li3VO4/MoS2 composite electrode was 690/679mAhg−1 after 100 cycling, which was superior to the Li3VO4-based anode materials reported previously. The unique coordination effect originated from the one-step preparation process was responsible for the high electrochemical performance of Li3VO4/MoS2 composite.