A cross-sectional study based on a planned sampling was carried out to determine flock-level risk factors associated with Neospora caninum antibody prevalence in dairy goat flocks in a semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. Serum samples from 975 adult dairy goats from 110 flocks were examined by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test, using cut-off point at dilution of 1:50. From the 110 flocks 18 presented at least one seropositive animal, corresponding to a prevalence of 16.4% (95% CI: 10.0–24.6%), and 26 (2.7%; 95% CI: 1.7–3.9%) animals tested positive for N. caninum antibodies. Graze at communal pasture (OR=10.34; P=0.034), not using disposable syringes (OR=3.78; P=0.023) and flock size >25 goats (OR=6.51; P=0.007) were identified as risk factors. Further studies are needed to elucidate the importance of the identified risk factors in the epidemiology of this infection.