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Wurtzite Cu–Li codoped ZnO (Cu–Li:ZnO) films with Cu concentrations of 0–3at.% were grown by sol–gel method. The conductivity, band gap and transparency of the Cu–Li:ZnO films decrease with increasing the Cu concentration due to the substitution of Cu for the Zn sites (Cu Zn ) and the interstitial Li atoms (Li i ). The Cu Zn defects generate a fully occupied impurity band above...
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