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Allen and colleagues contend that the study designs used to test for indirect effects of large carnivores on lower trophic levels are limited insomuch as they “rely on weak inference when valuing the roles of large carnivores in ecosystems.” Based upon their review of gray wolf and dingo studies, they conclude “that evidence for the ecological roles” (i.e., top-down effect) of these species is “equivocal...
Trophic cascades have been assigned an exaggerated even mythic status by some ecologists, but they are only one type of pathway in a complicated food web. The human mind is drawn to patterns like the proverbial ‘moth to the flame’. The distinctive checkerboard pattern of alternating +−+−+ changes in populations on adjacent trophic levels in a trophic cascade is no exception. Unfortunately, this pattern...
The assumptions ecologists make both influence and constrain their conclusions. Too often these assumptions are not explored or validated rigorously enough. The purpose of this paper is to critically review seven trophic cascade assumptions frequently used in the current literature and to identify whether their conclusions are compatible with results from loop analysis. Assumptions center upon food...
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