Chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to metabolic syndrome has recently become a social problem in Japan. In this report, the associations between the history of distal gastrectomy (DG) and the incidence of metabolic syndrome or CKD were evaluated.Arteriosclerosis-related factors were compared among patients with a history of DG who were <70 years old (n=41) and controls selected at random (n=410) after matching for age and sex.The patients with a history of DG were less obese than controls and had lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol serum levels. Furthermore, they had an excellent estimated glomerular filtration rate, which was used as an index of CKD.These findings suggest that a history of DG prevents metabolic syndrome and reduces the risk of CKD.