We present a spatial mode analysis of a self-adaptive holographic laser oscillator formed by a non-linear medium in a self-intersecting loop geometry incorporating additional intracavity elements and a feedback mirror acting as output coupler. We used an ABCD transfer matrix approach for cavity elements, as well as the four-wave mixing (FWM) in the non-linear medium and demonstrate transient evolution, as well as self-consistent steady-state solutions for the fundamental mode configuration. We found that the transient case evolves to the self-consistent solution if one exists. We show the effects of intracavity lens focal length and position in the cavity, as well as the finite transverse dimensions of the non-linear medium, on the size of the self-consistent mode to find regimes for large mode size, good phase conjugate quality and low loss operation.