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This paper presents an approach towards the development of a Geographic Information System (GIS) for crop area estimation to support crop forecasting systems at a regional level. The overall system design aimed at supporting crop area estimation through area frame sampling (AFS), remote sensing, and a combination of AFS and remote sensing. However, the detailed design was carried out to support AFS...
A GIS approach was used in the determination of soil fertility status in the Jhikhu Khola watershed. The watershed was stratified by topography, climate, soil type and land use using GIS overlay techniques. A (2 x 2 x 2 x 4) factorial approach served as the sampling framework to produce single and combined nutrient deficiency GIS maps. Soil acidity, phosphorus availability and lack of base cations...
Natural as well as human-induced mass movements and gullies are severe environmental hazards. Remote sensing data offer promising possibilities for identification and monitoring. But their effective use in mountainous areas is hampered by cloud effects and relief-controlled factors, which cause geometric distortions and shadow areas, among other constraints. Nevertheless, aerial photographs and satellite...
Planning strategies for sustainable land management require solid base line data on natural resources (soils, physiography, climate, vegetation, land use, etc.) and on socio-economic aspects. GIS and remote sensing have an important role in linkage and analysis of such data, in particular for detection (direct or indirect), extrapolation and interpretation, area calculation, and monitoring. More specifically,...
Arunachal Pradesh, the largest mountainous state of India, is situated in the northeastern part of the Himalayan region and characterized by high annual rainfall, forest vegetation and diversity in soils. Information on the soils of the state is essential for scientific land use planning and sustainable production. A soil resource inventory and subsequent database creation for thematic mapping using...
Geomorphology, soil science and remote sensing are closely related fields of enquiry through their common interest in the five state-factors of environmental systems: climate, organisms, relief, parent material, and time. Remote sensing, from aerial photography to satellite imagery, constitutes a powerful tool for improving accuracy and precision of extensive large-scale geomorphological surveys,...
The methodology in this study is based on fieldwork, primary and secondary data collection, and analysis and displaying of the results. GIS was used in different ways, such as in preparing coverage for interpretation and in planning and decision-making. Different categories of distance were used to determine the delineation of service area of selective functions. The result shows that within a 5 km...
There is an increasing need for reasonably accurate small-scale soil databases. The compilation of a continental or global-scale soil database requires a lot of spatially and thematically accurate soil data. The aim of this study was to test a method for small-scale soil mapping in Italy using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and digital elevation data. This method was employed in...
Remote sensing data help in mapping land resources, especially in mountainous areas where accessibility is limited. In such areas, land degradation is a main concern. Land is degraded not only by natural processes but also by human activities through inappropriate land use practices. Land cover and land use mapping is thus very important for evaluating natural resources. Classification of remote sensing...
Satellite remote sensing has been practised since 1972, starting with broad channels and moderate ground resolution (Landsat MSS). In the 1980s, Landsat TM and SPOT provided for improved spatial and spectral resolutions. Many satellite images were produced in these two decades, offering a synoptic view of landscapes that were rich in contrast and that included mountainous areas. The present paper...
Traditionally, assessment of productivity of land took priority over all other aspects of evaluating land use performance. Presently, the effects of land use on the quality of the environment and environmental sustainability of production systems have become the major issues. In hills, the terrain conditions aggravate erosion-induced land degradation. Judicious allocation of available resources for...
A method based on the integration into a GIS of satellite images of different spatial resolution (Landsat TM and SPOT), Digital Elevation Models, geo-lithological maps and some soil-landscape data was developed and applied to a test area on a sector of the Italian northwestern Alps in the Piemonte region (Pellice, Po, Varaita and Maira valleys southwest of Torino). The main working steps performed...
The recent adoption of the protocol on soil protection (Bled 20/10/98), within the Alpine Convention, sets new goals for the European Soil Bureau (ESB). Currently, the only harmonised soil database covering the Alps is available at the ESB within the framework of the European Soil Information System (EUSIS). The soil information available within that system is at small scale (1:1,000,000) and is therefore...
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