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In order to investigate the mechanisms and regulation of trophoblast vessel invasion, we established a model using malignant trophoblast cells grown in nude mice. The human choriocarcinoma cell line Jeg-3 established fast-growing tumours within 2 weeks after subcutaneous injection into nude mice. Interestingly, instead of neoangiogenesis the tumours were characterized by large blood-filled lacunae...
The human placenta transports glucose by facilitated diffusion down a concentration gradient from mother to fetus. It has previously been considered incapable of glucose synthesis. However, recent work has demonstrated the presence in placental tissue of glucose-6-phosphatase, which is required for the final step in the synthesis of glucose. Following continuous intravenous infusion into the maternal...
Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is a membrane-anchored protein with urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) as the ligand. This complex induces proteolysis and remodelling of maternal decidua during placental implantation. The presence of uPAR on trophoblasts is supposed to promote adhesion, migration and invasion. In cancer tissue, high levels of uPAR are correlated with a poor prognosis...
In this study we have characterized 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) transport and hexose transporter expression in the human choriocarcinoma cell line, BeWo. 2DG uptake in BeWo cells displayed saturable kinetics (V max , 29±1.5nmol/min/mg protein;K m , 1.5±0.02m m) and was significantly inhibited in the presence of 2-deoxyglucose, mannose and 3- O -methyl glucose (all at a competing concentration...
An increased placental ratio has been associated with small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants. A retrospective study on 252 singleton SGA infants without major anomalies born within a 1-year period was performed to determine the relationship between placental ratio and maternal/infant characteristics, and perinatal complications. The cases were categorized into three groups according to the placental...
A fibroblast cell strain that expressed cytokeratins 8 and 18 was isolated from explanted first trimester placenta. Its properties were consistent with an origin in the villous fibroblast–myofibroblast lineage, including expression of vimentin, smooth muscle α-actin and fibroblast surface protein. The cells grew rapidly in vitro, and exhibited tightly aligned bipolar morphology at confluence, absence...
This study focuses on the gap junction expression pattern in trophoblast cells during human placental development in vivo and in vitro. Investigations of cell–cell communication properties within the subpopulations of trophoblast responsible for invasion, placental growth and feto-maternal transport seem of special interest because the intercellular channels are believed to coordinate proliferation...
There is accumulating evidence that deficient trophoblast invasion of the placental bed spiral arteries is crucial to the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. However, the factors which regulate the process of trophoblast invasion remain unclear. We have investigated whether extravillous trophoblast invasion and motility are mediated by the angiogenic growth factors,...
In the present study, we investigated the expression and localization of leptin receptors in human term placentae. On human term placenta tissue slices, digoxigenin-UTP labelled RNA-probe detected the long form of the leptin receptor ObR L mRNA in syncytiotrophoblasts of the villi, whereas the haematological subtype of the leptin receptor ObR/B219.1 was detected in blood cells of the intervillous...
Trophoblast differentiation is a complex process involving interactions of cytotrophoblastic cells with their evolutive milieu. During pregnancy, the feto-placental unit produces large amounts of steroids. Progesterone and oestradiol are increasingly produced when the syncytiotrophoblast is highly differentiated. Furthermore, receptors to these hormones are expressed by the trophoblast. This led us...
Freshly prepared organ cultures of human placentae and amniotic membranes at term show different sensitivity to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. In six of 16 amniotic membranes and seven of 17 placentae VSV replicated to relatively high titres (10 3 –10 6 TCID 50 /ml). The others were partially or completely resistant to virus infection (<10 1 –10 ...
Maternal thyroid dysfunction is associated with perturbed fetal brain development and neurological deficits in adulthood in rat and human. To investigate whether these effects occur secondary to placental dysfunction, c-fos and c- jun expression in placenta from normal (euthyroid) and moderately hypothyroid rat dams were investigated by Northern hybridization analysis.In normal placenta, c- fos expression...
The role of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II and the IGF-I receptor (IGF-Ir) in the regulation of the in vivo expression of Na + -coupled anionic [System X−AG; GLAST1 (EAAT1), GLT1 (EAAT2), EAAC1 (EAAT3), EAAT4; where the human homologues of amino acid transport proteins first cloned in the rat are given in parentheses] and Na + -independent cationic (System...
Expression of placental tissue protein 13 (PP13) in different human tissues was investigated by chemiluminescence Western blot analysis using monospecific anti-PP13 serum. In term placentae we detected a 16kDa single protein band immunochemically identical to the purified PP13 antigen. After investigation of 26 types of human fetal and adult tissue, PP13 was also found in certain other normal and...
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) promotes the growth not only of hepatocytes but also of several other types of cells such as cytotrophoblasts and endothelial cells. Recent studies have revealed that HGF is trapped in the extracellular (ECM) matrix through heparan sulphate in vivo, thereby acting as a mitogen for hepatocytes in cooperation with heparan sulphate. In this study, we detected HGF protein...
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