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Actinimycin-D as a single chemotherapeutic agent is an effective drug against low-risk MTGN and VAC regimen is effective for treatment of high-risk MGTN. Monitoring of serum hCG levels during therapy and after remission is extremely important for good follow-up and evaluation to these patients.
Glycosylation of serum PAPP-A in normal pregnancies and in first trimester pregnancies affected by fetal trisomy 21 (T21) was studied using the immobilized lectins Ulex europaeus 1, Lens culinaris, Maackia amurensis and Sambucus nigra. First trimester maternal serum PAPP-A concentration in the T21 group (42 samples) was significantly reduced (46% of the controls). No difference in binding to any lectin,...
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a dimorphic cytokine that acts on target cells through high-affinity receptors, type I and type II. It has been implicated in the onset of term and preterm labour with associated intrauterine infection. To define better the potential action of this cytokine in the human fetal membranes and decidua, the objective of this study was to define the type(s) of IL-1 receptors present...
Placental transferrin receptor (TfR) protein expression is increased in diabetic pregnancies that are complicated by low fetal iron stores, suggesting regulation of placental iron transport by fetoplacental iron status. In cell culture, iron homeostasis is regulated by coordinate stabilization of TfR mRNA and translation inactivation of ferritin mRNA by iron regulatory proteins (IRP-1 and -2) which...
This report demonstrates the presence of the neutral glycosphingolipid, globoside, on the villous trophoblast layer of human placenta. Immunoreactivity for globoside which is the receptor used by human parvovirus B19 was strongest in villous trophoblast cells of first trimester placentae, with diminished reactivity in second trimester placentae, and a near lack of staining for the antigen in those...
Arachidonic acid mobilization by phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) and subsequent prostaglandin synthesis is thought to be a pivotal event in the onset and/or maintenance of human labour. The purpose of this study was to quantify secretory PLA 2 (sPLA 2 ) and non-secretory PLA 2 enzymatic activity and type II sPLA 2 immunoreactivity in human gestational tissues...
The glycosylation of the equine interhaemal barrier and areola was studied throughout the period of gestation. Placentae of 35, 37, 50, 119, 152, 200, 280 and 300 days gestation were investigated, using semithin plastic embedded sections and a panel of 15 biotinylated lectins with an avidin-peroxidase revealing system. Glycosylation of the trophoblast and maternal epithelium showed the most change...
Recent studies have indicated that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Oxidative stress damages systemic tissues, and placental damage may result in intrauterine growth retardation and fetal distress. Thus, this study attempted to elucidate the placental localization of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase, substances that may reduce oxidative stress. Furthermore, it...
Placental angiogenesis and growth are crucial elements in embryonic and later fetal development. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its specific receptors Flt-1 (VEGFR-1) and KDR (VEGFR-2) compose potent ligand receptor systems involved in angiogenesis and microvascular hyperpermeability. In the present immunohistochemical study, VEGF, Flt-1 and KDR were localized in uterus of cyclic non-pregnant...
The human placenta contains two types of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD). The exclusive oxidase 11β-HSD2 has been suggested to protect the fetus from high levels of maternal glucocorticoids by converting cortisol to inactive cortisone. Perfused term human placenta was used to examine the activity of the oxoreductase 11β-HSD1 and to determine the regulation of cortisol effects on placental...
The biogenic amine transporters are part of a large family of plasma membrane transporters. These carriers mediate the re-uptake of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft and plasma compartments. Re-uptake process is inhibited by drugs like cocaine, fluoxetine and tricyclic antidepressants. There are specific transporters for norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. The placenta expresses...
The uptake and efflux of reverse triiodothyronine (rT 3 ) in JAr cells were investigated. Uptake of 125 I-rT 3 was time dependent and reversible with a saturable component of around 70 per cent of total uptake after 30min of incubation. Efflux was not saturable. Kinetic analysis of the initial specific uptake rates revealed an uptake process with a Michaelis constant of 3.04±0...
Differentiation-related expression of endogenous retrovirus ERV-3envin the normal human placental syncytiotrophoblast suggests a role in placental development. The choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo, a model of trophoblast differentiation, is maintained in an undifferentiated state and undergoes differentiation upon the addition of forskolin. The expression of ERV-3envmRNA increased after 48h forskolin...
This study investigated systematically the diffusive transfer of water and glucose across the chorionic plate of the human placenta. Isolated sections of human term placentae were perfused at the fetal side (open loop) with modified Ringer’s solution (n=31). An artificial amniotic compartment was created on top of the chorionic plate. 3 H- and 14 C-labelled tracer pairs were added...
The purpose of the present study was to localize glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activity in the human placenta at various gestational stages and to compare them to pre-eclamptic placenta activity. Ultrastructural enzyme-histochemical analysis of G6Pase was performed using cerium and lead as capturing agents. Precipitates indicative of G6Pase activity were observed in the endoplasmic reticulum and...
Human placental cytotrophoblast cells differentiate by a process of fusion into a syncytium. This process is stimulated by EGF but also occurs spontaneously at a slower rate in cultured cytotrophoblast cells. To determine nuclear proto-oncogene changes mediating these events, c-myc, c-fos, c-jun and junB were measured in spontaneously differentiating cells and in cells exposed to EGF. c-myc showed...
The signs of pre-eclampsia are thought to arise from maternal endothelial dysfunction caused by circulating factors of placental origin. Syncytiotrophoblast microvillous membranes (STBM) cause endothelial disruption and inhibit proliferation in vitro. Significantly increased amounts of STBM can be detected in blood from pre-eclamptic women and could contribute to endothelial dysfunction in vivo. This...
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