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Nucleotide binding and oligomerization leucine-rich repeats (NLR) are recognized as members of pattern-recognition receptors that play important roles in host innate immune defenses. In this study, we have investigated the expression and regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains 1 and 2 (NOD1 and NOD2) on the invasiveness of primary human trophoblasts during the first trimester of pregnancy...
Hypotaurine is a precursor of taurine and an antioxidant, and is concentrated in fetal plasma compared to maternal plasma. Hypotaurine is significantly decreased in fetal plasma of ezrin (Vil2) knock-out mice, and fetuses show intrauterine growth retardation. The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanism through which cellular hypotaurine level is maintained in placental trophoblasts, and...
Follistatin-like-1 (FSTL1) is a widely expressed secreted protein with diverse but poorly understood functions. Originally described as a pro-inflammatory molecule, it has recently been reported to play a role in signaling pathways that regulate development and homeostasis. Distinctively, FSTL1 harbors within its 3′-UTR the sequence encoding microRNA-198 (miR-198), shown to be inversely regulated...
The developing fetus relies on the maternal blood supply to provide the choline it requires for making membrane lipids, synthesizing acetylcholine, and performing important methylation reactions. It is vital, therefore, that the placenta is efficient at transporting choline from the maternal to the fetal circulation. Although choline transporters have been found in term placenta samples, little is...
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