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We performed a matched case–control study to analyze the placental angioarchitecture, in particular the diameter of arterio-arterial (AA) anastomoses in monochorionic placentas from pregnancies with twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) compared to a control group of uncomplicated monochorionic placentas. Placental angioarchitecture was analyzed using colored dye injection. AA anastomoses were detected...
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is implicated in placentation. We determined which RAS pathways are present in two trophoblast cell lines (HTR-8/SVneo and BeWo cells) and the effects of cAMP, which stimulates renal renin.The effect of cAMP on RAS gene expression and on prorenin and angiotensin peptides in HTR-8/SVneo and BeWo cells were investigated.In HTR-8/SVneo cells, prorenin mRNA (REN) and...
In this study we investigate the relationships between placental size and neonatal bone mass and body composition, in a population-based cohort.914 mother–neonate pairs were included. Placental dimensions were measured via ultrasound at 19 weeks gestation. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed on the neonates within the first two weeks of life.We observed positive relationships between placental...
Studies of pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia led to the suggestion that the surface of the placenta is aligned along two axes, measured by its breadth and length. It was hypothesised that tissue along the breadth serves as a nutrient sensor, responding to the mother's nutritional state and fetal nutritional demands, while tissue along the length has different functions. To develop this hypothesis...
The aim of the study was to investigate whether first trimester chorionic villous vascularisation is different in women who smoked cigarettes before and during pregnancy in comparison with women who did not smoke.Placentas of smoking (>10 cigarettes/day, n = 13) and non-smoking women (n = 13), scheduled for a legal termination of a viable first trimester pregnancy for social indications, were retrieved...
Sulphate is required by the feto-placental unit for a number of important conjugation and biosynthetic pathways. Functional studies performed several decades ago established that sulphate transport in human placental microvillus and basal membrane vesicles was mainly via a DIDS-sensitive anion-exchange mechanism. In contrast, no evidence was found for Na + -dependent transport. Studies performed...
We describe a case of chorangiocarcinoma, a complex lesion consisting of a trophoblastic proliferation within a chorangioma, presenting in a term placenta.The lesion was diagnosed by ultrasound at a second trimester check-up after amniocentesis, performed because of increased combined risk at first trimester screening for trisomy 21. After uncomplicated vaginal delivery, a healthy child was born and...
Decidual vasculopathy (DV) describes pathological findings seen in the spiral arteries in preeclampsia (PE). Morphologically, DV is characterized by fibrinoid necrosis and foamy macrophages within the vessel walls. The impact of the lesions on clinical outcome and placental pathology is unclear. We compared cases with DV to cases without these lesions on clinical outcome and placental histology in PE...
Fetal tissues are frequently discarded before (amniocentesis) or after birth, which both facilitates stem cell access and helps to overcome ethical concerns. In the present study, we aimed to isolate and characterize stem cells from the allantoic and amniotic fluids (ALF; AMF) of third trimester canine fetuses. This gestation age has not been previously explored for stem cells isolation. The gestational...
Over the centuries, great interest has been devoted to the placenta and to its highly symbolic significance. The Renaissance represented the age of historical and cultural transition between classical and modern scientific paradigms.In the medical setting, Realdo Colombo represents one of the protagonists of this revolution. In his masterpiece, De Re Anatomica, he revolutionized the former medical...
Herein we report placental weight and efficiency in relation to maternal BMI and the risk of pregnancy complications in 55,105 pregnancies. Adjusted placental weight increased with increasing BMI through underweight, normal, overweight, obese and morbidly obese categories and accordingly underweight women were more likely to experience placental growth restriction [OR 1.69 (95% CI 1.46–1.95)], while...
Enzymatic breakdown of the collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) that connects the amnion and chorion layers of the fetal membranes is one of the key events leading to rupture of membranes. Oxidant stress caused by increased formation of reactive oxygen species and/or reduced antioxidant capacity may predispose to membrane rupture, a major cause of preterm birth. The aim of this study was to determine...
Autophagy is a burgeoning area of research from yeast to humans. Although previously described as a death pathway, autophagy is now considered an important survival phenomenon in response to environmental stressors to which most organs are exposed.Despite an ever expanding literature in non-placental cells, studies of autophagy in the placenta are lagging. We review the regulation of autophagy, summarize...
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