This review deals with the recent progress of developments in concrete-polymer composites, which are classified into three types: polymer-modified (or cement) mortar (PMM) and concrete (PMC), polymer mortar (PM) and concrete (PC), and polymer-impregnated mortar (PIM) and concrete (PIC). A great interest in the concrete-polymer composites is currently focused on high-grade redispersible polymer powders, repair and durability-improving materials for reinforced concrete structures, mass production systems, automated cast-in-place application systems, artificial marble products, machine tool structures, and field polymer impregnation systems. Environment-conscious developments are also conducted in the concrete-polymer composites.