Recently, the importance of anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies has been pointed out in kidney and liver transplantation. In 2010, Hachem et al. reported the association of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA) with acute and chronic rejection in lung transplantation. We investigated the appearance and the trend of anti-HLA antibodies in living-donor lobar lung transplantation (LDLLT) and cadaveric lung transplantation (CLT) at a single lung transplant center in Japan.We performed 30 cases of LDLLT and 21 cases of CLT at Kyoto University between June 2008 and October 2012. Since July 2010, anti-HLA antibodies had been screened periodically, using LABScreen Mixed (One Lambda, CA, USA). In addition, they were also investigated when recipients presented symptoms or abnormal findings. When anti-HLA antibodies were detected, their specificities were identified using LABScreen Single Antigen (One Lambda, CA, USA).Anti-HLA antibodies were measured 3.6 ± 2.0 times in 27 cases of LDLLT and 20 cases of CLT. Anit-HLA antibodies were detected in 4 cases in LDLLT (14%) and 5 cases in CLT (25%). Among them, 2 cases in LDLLT (7%) and 2 cases in CLT (10%) had DSA. In LDLLT, one patient had re-LDLLT because of bilateral bronchiolitis obliterans after ipsilateral antibody-mediated rejection. In other 3 patients, class I and/or class II DSA were detected 2 weeks, 1 month, and 10 months after transplantation. All of them were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and showed no sign of antibody-mediated rejection in a close follow-up.In comparison with the current report by Hachem et al., the frequency of DSA appearance was relatively low in our institution. However, DSA was detected even in the early phase of posttransplant days. Accumulation of more cases and longer follow-up were necessary.