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Sediment enrichment and transport from a highly weathered, well-aggregated, and uniformly-textured soil were determined using field rainfall simulation. Overland flow on an agriculturally-managed ridge-and-furrow system was generated by applying four successive rainfall events: a dry run on bare soil with a rainfall intensity of 35 mm h −1 a wet run on bare soil with the same rainfall intensity,...
Samples of Fimus Soils — soils with a fimic epipedon according to the Chinese Soil Taxonomic Classification (ISS-AS) — were analyzed for extractable phosphorus using both the NaHCO 3 and citric acid methods. The latter method, required to distinguish “anthropic epipedons” (Soil Survey Staff) and the “fimic A horizon” (FAO) from other surface horizons, showed that the extractable P criterion...
Soil sampling and measurement often consume a significant portion of the budget available for a project. On a national or worldwide basis these activities require large investments, which are justified if the soil information leads to better decisions on land use or environmental issues to an extend which more than counterbalances the costs. This depends on both the costs and the quality of the information...
Soil samples were taken on sisal plantations in Tanga region (Tanzania) in order to investigate changes in soil chemical properties resulting from permanent cropping. Differences in soil fertility decline of eight Major Soil Groupings (FAO-Unesco) were evaluated by comparing (i) data from different soils under permanent cropping, (ii) data from the same soils under bush vegetation and permanent cropping,...
In many agricultural soils in the semi-arid and and mediterranean climates, exposure to cyclic wetting and drying (WD) can reduce aggregate stability. The extent to which soil pretreatment with coal-derived humic substances (HS) can increase aggregate stability in soils exposed to cyclic wetting and drying (WD) was evaluated in this study. The soils studied are an Acireale silty clay loam from Sicily,...
Evidence in the literature supporting the hypothesis that inputs of sea salts from the atmosphere increase soil pH and exchangeable Na + and Mg 2+ concentrations in soils in which the release of base cations by mineral weathering is slow is briefly reviewed. It is postulated that if a sea salt effect indeed occurs, long-term incubation of such soils in a field moist state should result...
Physical processes occurring during surface seal formation through a rainstorm are well understood, but limited information is available regarding the quantity and particle size distribution of splash and runoff at certain time intervals. In this study, we evaluated the quantity and particle size distribution of suspensions of both splash and interrill runoff in two loess soils with different mineralogy...
The chemical weathering of biotite and associated formation of secondary minerals has important implications for the genesis, mineralogy, chemical properties, and physical properties of soils and saprolites developed from biotite-rich parent rocks. In this study, we used a combination of X-ray diffraction, micromorphological, and scanning electron microscopy techniques to investigate biotite weathering...
The dissolution of phosphate rock (PR) was studied in the presence and absence of plants grown in an acid mineral substrate (alumina sand) that simulates an acidic, P-fixing soil. This substrate being devoid of P and Ca, PR was the only source of both P and Ca for the plants. In the absence of plants, the low pH of the substrate (pH about 4) resulted in dissolution of about 8 and 30% of the applied...
Based on the complex of ecological soil parameters (E h and pH values, K + , Ca 2+ , NO 3− activity in soil liquid phase (SLP) measured in situ with ion-selective electrodes) an attempt is made to assess changes in these parameters in different soils in agrocenoses (agricultural ecosystems) from their pristine analogues and to find the direction of the recent processes...
Structuring soils on a landscape level of scale is a necessary prerequisite for an extrapolation of point results to greater areas (upscaling), not only in soil genetic research but also for ecological purposes. In this respect the catena concept provides a very useful paradigm to decipher soil pattern and related regular trends in soil chemical properties on the landscape scale. Using this approach...
Radiocarbon dates of paleosols in northeastern Colorado indicate distinct periods of stability and soil formation with intervening periods of instability resulting in soil truncation or burial. A combination of pedologic and geomorphic indicators were used to resolve the duration of, and prevailing climate during, these periods. Five sites, each having a paleosol, were examined using both traditional...
Nitrogen (N) deficiency is a major constraint to rice production in West Africa. Little information is available on the N supplying capacity of soils used for wetland rice production in West Africa. Potentially mineralizable N, as a measure of N supplying capacity, was determined employing an anaerobic incubation test in 15 diverse soils from 5 major rice producing countries in the sub region. ...
Runoff measurements from artificially levelled land showed that rates of particle erosion to the drainage system was even higher than that from surface runoff. This effect was increased by tillage whilst no tillage reduced the losses significantly. The field site soil type was a silty clay loam. Artificial levelling at the site had exposed an unstable subsoil, susceptible to cracking. Soil structures...
In the eastern Amazon basin, four neighbouring clayey Oxisols with similar particle-size distributions were selected, one under rain forest and three under pasture for 7, 12 and 17 years, respectively. These soils were sampled at depth intervals of 0.1 m down to 1 m. Although no clear effect of pasture establishment on aggregate stability was assessed, significant negative effects of cattle trampling...
Rates of soil development (determined from the slopes of chronofunctions of soil development indices) of a post-incisive chronosequence that formed on a sequence of outwash terraces 9ages 5 ka to 1.8 Ma) in the Ljubljana Basin decrease with time (i.e., soil development increases with the logarithm or power of soil age). The development of soil properties can be affected by soil forming factors other...
Slash-and-burn rice production systems in northern Laos are undergoing dramatic changes. Increased population pressure and regulations limiting access to land have resulted in shorter fallow periods. Limited information is available on nutrient dynamics in slash-and-burn systems of Southeast Asia in general and particularly on effects of reduced fallow length. Crop and fallow effects on soil parameters...
Eighteen important Quaternary loess paleosoil sites have been studied across the European loess belt. They included approximately 50 buried soils, the over and/or underlying loess and the present-day surface soils (where possible). From the numerous types of secondary CaCO 3 accumulations recognized, only the small scale accumulations are discussed in this paper, including calcified root...
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