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There is a growing need to describe and quantify the heterogeneity in soil carbon pools in forests. In landscapes where topography is an important control on geomorphological, hydrological and/or biogeochemical processes, topographic features can be useful for partitioning the landscape into homogeneous units of soil carbon. Of particular interest are topographic features that are rare or cover a...
Mining causes drastic disturbances in landscape and soil properties, and reclamation can restore soil quality over time. Thus, assessing changes in properties of reclaimed mine soils is essential to understanding the effects of the reclamation techniques. This study was aimed at quantifying the effects of mining and reclamation processes on physical and chemical properties of reclaimed soils for three...
Several models and risk assessments that estimate nutrient transfer from agricultural land have been developed. The majority of these associate increased particulate or total nutrient transfer with increased slope and do not make any inferences on the impact of slope on the transfer of nutrients in solution. These models and risk assessments are increasingly used for water quality assessments as part...
The effects of rock content on nutrient concentrations and contents (kgha −1 ) in a skeletal soil derived from andesite were investigated. Rock content to a 60cm depth ranged from 8 to 69% among 20 quantitative soil pits within a 10ha area. On average, rocks contained 9% of total soil C, 19% of total soil N, 3% of total ecosystem C, and 12% of total ecosystem N. Percent rock content also appeared...
Carbon accumulation in soils is an important method to offset the release of carbon based GHG into the atmosphere. We investigated carbon accumulation during early stages of ecological restoration of a desertified area in Iceland. The study site, a part of a larger experimental area, consisted of 24 1ha experimental plots with nine different restoration treatments and untreated control, all replicated...
Determination of carbon and nitrogen levels in soils of ice-free areas of the Transantarctic Mountains, along with their origin, may determine whether these soils serve as a source or sink of carbon with an increasingly warmer climate. Organic and inorganic forms of carbon and nitrogen were measured in five soil chronosequences in the Transantarctic Mountains using flash combustion and spectrometry...
Land disturbances and management approaches can significantly alter the restoration of degraded grasslands. Therefore, understanding the carbon and nitrogen storage accompanying plant and soil physical and chemical properties due to anthropogenic disturbance and different management strategies is important, as it can help us understand not only how ecosystem responds to its dynamics but also the restoration...
Wetland restoration is globally important to reestablish functions such as carbon (C) sequestration; however, restoration activities (e.g., land clearing) can affect anaerobic C cycling and greenhouse gas production. In this study, we compared enzyme activity (ß-glucosidase) and anaerobic production of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) in soils of reference wetlands and those...
Over timescales of soil development (millennia), the capacity of soils to stabilize soil organic carbon (SOC) is linked to soil development through changes in soil mineralogy and other soil properties. In this study, an extensive dataset of soil profile chemistry and mineralogy is compiled from the Cowlitz River Chronosequence (CRC), WA USA. The CRC soils range in age from 0.25 to 1200kyr, spanning...
Data on the distribution of phosphorus (P) species in soils with differing land uses and properties are essential to understanding environmental P availability and how fertiliser inputs, cropping and grazing affect accumulation of soil inorganic P (Pi) and organic P (Po) forms. We examined thirty-two temperate soils (with soil organic C concentrations 12–449gCkg−1 and total P 295–3435mgPkg−1) for...
A neural network model was trained to predict soil organic matter content, bulk density and soil organic matter density at different soil profile depths across Scotland. These predictions were then used to predict soil organic carbon content. The data used to train the model was developed from the National Soil Inventory of Scotland (NSIS) datasets, along with spatial datasets for topographic and...
We developed a continuous, nonlinear model (FLOG-CN) linking carbon mineralization and nitrogen mineralization–immobilization with respect to time that successfully reproduced the complex CO2-C and SMN dynamics for a collection of 70 paired C and N soil datasets. Application of the model to diverse C and N datasets showed that incorporating latency into the model of C mineralization, and using C to...
Earthworms are known to have a major impact on organic matter dynamics in soils. The precise dynamics of carbon incorporation and/or decomposition in soil under the influence of earthworms still need to be investigated. In a mesocosm experiment, the fate of Ryegrass root and shoot litter was monitored in the soil, in the presence and absence of anecic earthworms Lumbricus terrestris L. Residues were...
Only a few studies have addressed the soil and foliar carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry in alpine treeline ecotones. Moreover, information on the soil nutrient availability (primarily N, P) in such ecosystems is rare. To fill these gaps, we performed a multiple data sampling in a near-natural alpine treeline ecotone in Rolwaling Himal, Nepal.Our results show strongly varying soil C:N:P...
Land use intensification often results in modification in plant cover and nutrient inputs with subsequent potential effects on composition and structure of soil microbial community and fractions. The objective of this study was to understand the long-term (>22yr) impacts of land use intensification (introduction of productive vegetation type, greater N fertilizer input and stocking rate) on soil...
Change in soil organic matter (SOM) stocks over time is a critical issue for soil fertility, soil development (pedogenesis) and the global carbon (C) cycle. Measuring such change typically relies on sampling to constant depth (CD) which is well known to be inaccurate if bulk density (BD) has changed between sampling sites or times. The usual solution to this problem is to sample an equivalent mass...
The soil under savanna woody species is often enriched in nutrients in what is termed an ‘island of fertility’. We tested for positive feedbacks between encroaching woody plants and soil fertility in two co-occurring shrub species at three sites. One of these shrub species is nitrogen-fixing, Acacia mellifera, and the other is non‑nitrogen-fixing, Tarchonanthus camphoratus; we compared these effects...
Despite the importance of root quality for its decomposition, the effects of forest conversion and diameter size on root decomposition still remains poorly understood. A two-year field experiment was conducted to examine the mass loss and nutrient release of three root diameter classes (0–2mm, 2–5mm and 5–10mm) in three subalpine tree species (Abies faxoniana, Picea asperata and Betula albosinensis)...
In recent decades erosion processes have influenced agricultural soil quality worldwide. In the Czech Republic the situation is made even worse by the fact that, in the post-war period, considerable changes occurred in land use during collectivisation of farm land, along with a significant increase in the average size of farmed plots. This led us to observe the changes in chemical and biochemical...
Soil is a critical component of global biogeochemical cycles, and there is an increasing need for cost effective tools to measure soil carbon stocks and determine soil nitrogen contents. Reflectance spectroscopy can deliver large volumes of soil carbon data. However, as soil carbon concentrations can be spatially heterogeneous, imaging spectroscopy presents the best potential to provide high resolution...
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