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Landuse changes for the purposes of cultivation often destabilise a substantial part of the initially stabilized organic matter (OM) in surface soils. However, the mechanisms of OM destabilisation are poorly documented, particularly with respect to organomineral complexes. The aim of this study was to characterize and quantify the effects of landuse on various OM pools, while focusing particularly...
Models are increasingly used to examine the potential impacts of management and climate change in agriculture. Our aim in this paper was to assess the applicability of the field-DeNitrification DeComposition (DNDC) model in Irish agriculture. This study provides the results of that evaluation, which is a prerequisite for using the model for assessing management impacts in the future. The DNDC model...
The degree of anthropogenic impact in the urban environments can be evaluated in terms of metal concentration of soils, often established in terms of integrated pollution index (IPI). Detailed geochemical investigations on urban soils require a great amount of chemical analyses, which are time consuming and expensive. The magnetic susceptibility signal detected in some urban topsoils is mainly attributed...
We analysed the composition of phyllosilicate minerals in sediments deposited by the Rhône and Oberaar glaciers (Swiss Alps), in order to identify processes and rates of biogeochemical weathering in relation to glacial erosion. The investigated sediments are part of chronosequences consisting of (A) suspended, ”fresh” sediment in melt water; (B) terminal moraines from the Little Ice Age (LIA; approximately...
The properties of a non-andic, allophanic Inceptisol (POM1) and two andic, non-allophanic Inceptisols (FLM5 and SPM8), representative of a toposequence on basanite rocks of Mt. St. Antonio (central-western Sardinia, Marghine sub-region), were analyzed to better elucidate factors and processes that lead to a different expression of andic properties and allophane formation in xeric Mediterranean environment...
The 1:50,000 national soil survey of the Netherlands, completed in the early 1990s after more than three decades of mapping, is gradually becoming outdated. Large-scale changes in land and water management that took place after the field surveys have had a great impact on the soil. Especially oxidation of peat soils has resulted in a substantial decline of these soils. The aim of this research was...
Open-air composting evolution of domestic solid wastes (DSW) collected during 150 days from a neighborhood of Santiago del Estero, Argentina, was investigated using several standard methods of compost analysis, in combination with steady-state UV–Vis absorption and fluorescence measurements of their extracted total humic substance-like (HSL), fulvic acid-like (FAL), and humic acid-like (HAL) molecules...
To quantitatively clarify the organic carbon accumulation processes on the forest floor during an early stage of humification (3 years), solid-state 13 C cross polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMAS NMR) signals were monitored for phased–humified beech and oak litters and soil surface horizons in the northern Kanto District, Japan. The mass loss rate of the carbon...
The volcanic ash soils in the Guandera region in northern Ecuador exhibit a typical accumulation of organic matter. However, while accumulated, the organic matter present in the mineral soil bears hardly any resemblance with the covering vegetation and its litter. A strong degradation of the ligno–cellulose complex and a large accumulation of aliphatic components were the main characteristics. The...
This study focuses on the fate of chromium during ultramafic weathering under tropical conditions. Three soils were studied along a characteristic catena on the ultramafic outcrop of Niquelândia, Brazil. In these soils, the Cr-bearing minerals are inherited chromites (15.4–26.8 wt.% Cr) and magnetites (0.4–4.8 wt.% Cr) and secondary minerals such as iron oxides (0–2 wt.% Cr) or Ni-smectites (0–6.8 wt...
In this paper we evaluated the effects of various amendments, notably zeolite, red mud (a by-product of aluminium manufacturing) and lime on decreasing the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of Pb, Cd and Zn present in a contaminated acidic soil (pH=4.2). Pisum sativum and Triticum vulgare were grown in a glasshouse experiment on untreated-polluted (control) and amended soils and their yield and metal...
We investigated to what extent soil K balances, resulting from plant off-take and K fertilizer application rates, had changed the content of illitic (10 Å) materials (as discrete illite and as illitic layers in mixed-layer minerals) in soil clay fractions. We also assessed to what extent different particle size fractions were involved in the processes. The study was performed on soil samples from...
This work aimed to evaluate the impacts of the organic fertilization and the use of green manure (GrM) on the different soil P fractions in areas under organic agriculture in the municipality of Ubajara, state of Ceará, Brazil. The work was carried out in an organically cultivated farm situated in the Ubajara municipality, state of Ceará, Brazil. Soil samples of a sandy soil were collected at the...
Little is known about the chemical composition of soil organic matter in Espinal ecosystems of Acacia caven (Mol) with a gradient of vegetation cover in Chile. A. caven is widespread throughout regions with Mediterranean-type climates in the Southern Hemisphere, where the abundance of this species is associated with the degradation of the native forest. We chemically characterized humic acids (HAs)...
This study aims to assess the water flow and non-reactive solute transfers occurring in a glossic acidic soil under a beech forest in Brittany (Fougères, France). The specific objectives were to study the water and chloride transfers in this soil, to understand the spatial and temporal variability of these transfers and to produce a data set in this forest site for future modelling. For this, we carried...
Visible and near-infrared (VisNIR, 400–2500 nm) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a rapid, inexpensive sensing method that has shown promise for lab-based soil characterization. However, little has been reported on how DRS will work in a field setting on intact soil cores. Seventy-two soil cores, representing 21 soil series and four parent materials, were extracted from six fields in Central...
A study of ciprofloxacin sorption to 30 soils from the eastern United States revealed a statistically significant effect of pH on the solid–water distribution coefficient (K d ). Cation exchange capacity was the key soil factor influencing the extent of sorption at all pH values (3–8), with soil metal oxide content playing a smaller role at higher pH. Although, cation exchange, cation bridging...
Labile soil carbon fractions and enzymatic activity are typically more sensitive to changes in soil management practices or environmental conditions than total soil organic matter, and consequently they are well-established as early indicators of change due to crop residue incorporation, soil use or pollution. However, less information has been reported for volcanic soils under different cropping...
Understanding landscape and soil distribution patterns in buffer zones along a stream network in a watershed can improve riparian zone management and the representation of soil-landscape parameters in watershed modeling. We analyzed landscape features and soil properties within a 300-m buffer zone of different order streams in a large agricultural watershed (the East Mahantango Creek Watershed) located...
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