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Carbon-13 CPMAS NMR spectroscopy was used to examine long-term effects of thinning and N fertilization on the humin fraction of soil organic matter in a second-growth Douglas-fir stand of coastal British Columbia. De-ashed organic-matter-enriched humin fractions were prepared from three mineral soil horizons of four silvicultural treatments using 1.0 M HF accompanied by a magnetic stir bar to remove...
In order to understand and to model soil runoff erosion as well as to optimize sampling schemes, improved understanding of spatial variability of clay and some other soil erosion parameters is needed. For this purpose, two complementary approaches to the study of spatial variability of silty topsoil characteristics, the pedological approach and the fractal approach applied to geostatistics, were...
The applicability of the inverse method for determining the soil water characteristic θ(h) and the hydraulic conductivity/water content K(θ) functions was investigated on two Typic Haploxererts characteristic of the Sicilian environment.Shrinkage behaviour of the two soils was analysed in order to verify if significant changes in soil volume occurred during the outflow process.One-step outflow experiments...
Single values of the Vanselow, Gaines-Thomas or Gapon selectivity coefficients have been used to model cation exchange in terrestrial ecosystems; however, selectivity coefficients that do not vary as a function of pH and ionic strength have questionable validity. We examined cation exchange in two Humo-Ferric Podzols (Haplorthods) equilibrated with artificial soil solutions with two different ionic...
A comparison is made of the magnetic properties of acid gleyed soils under two woodland stands, oak (Quercus robur) and Corsican Pine (Pinus laricio). Twenty-five soil profiles under each type were sampled and analysed in three layers within designated horizons. The results show that in the surface (organic) horizon the main magnetic component is probably derived from fly-ash, and that the concentration...
Water-stability of surface soil aggregates is probably the most important property governing soil detachment by rain impact. The relative importance of water-stability parameters [i.e. wet aggregate stability (WAS), tensile strength, dispersible clay (DC)], for predicting runoff and soil loss has not been resolved. The objectives of this study were to compare (i) the influence of WAS, DC, and time...
A strong relationship between current vegetation and the opal phytolith content of surface soil was established. Opal phytoliths obtained from buried soil surface horizons 200-800 years old were then used to establish a profile of the vegetation present on four sites within Capitol Reef National Park, Utah, USA, prior to European settlement. The plant communities so reconstructed contained more...
Zinc adsorption and interaction with Cu were studied in a Calcaric Cambisol. Zn-Ca binary exchange was studied, the Vanselow selectivity coefficient and the standard free energy change calculated. The Vanselow selectivity coefficient was constant in the range studied. Its value (K v = 0.648) showed a greater soil selectivity to Ca over Zn, confirmed by the positive value of the standard...
Within a sequence of andesitic volcaniclastic deposits on the northeastern ring plain of Ruapehu volcano is a ca. 10 m-thick sequence of weathered andesitic tephras. Weathering and paleosol development is most evident in 3.6 m of fine ash in this sequence. The ages of these tephras are constrained between ca. 23-70 ka by dated rhyolite tephras erupted from central North Island volcanoes. Mineralogy...
Saturated hydraulic conductivity is one of the key parameters for water transport models in the unsaturated zone. Several attempts have been made to estimate this parameter from available soil data as e.g. particle size distribution, bulk density, and organic matter content. All of these estimation methods (pedo-transfer functions) exhibit large differences between the predicted and the measured...
Micromorphological investigations which aim to integrate both physical and biological features of soils are particularly demanding with respect to the quality of the thin sections produced for such studies. Rapid preparation of thin sections is also often desirable. The suitability of a range of resins for the rapid preparation of high-quality thin sections appropriate for biologically oriented...
The composition of organic matter in clay-organic complexes isolated from a New Zealand Spodosol has been investigated using the novel analytical combination of (a) labscale (500 mg) off-line pyrolysis, (b) direct inlet (5 mg) off-line methylation with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS), and (c) Curie-point pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass...
Limited data are available in the literature on the partitioning of interrill erosion into splash and wash components. Laboratory rainfall simulation experiments were conducted on an Oxisol at 5, 10 and 20° slopes at a constant rainfall intensity. Rainwash was separated from front splash and lateral splash using a novel experimental design. Results indicate that output of sediment from the 0.18...
Saline sulfidic soils are usually associated with tidal flushing zones. However, less developed saline sulfidic soils have recently been identified in non-tidal seepage and marsh areas strongly affected by waterlogging, dryland salinity and erosion in the Mediterranean climatic region (> 600 mm per annum winter rainfall maximum) of the Mt Lofty Ranges, South Australia. A conceptual sub-model is...
Growing roots, soil structure and soil horizons may induce microscale heterogeneities of soil solution chemistry and soil water content. To investigate heterogeneities on the centimeter scale, micro ceramic cells suitable for high resolution tensiometry and lysimetry have been developed, the construction of which is described in detail.The cells consist of a ceramic capillary with 1 mm diameter,...
Organic components of an Alfisol and a Vertisol in adjacent locations in Indian semi-arid tropics were characterized using chemical analysis, photometric and high resolution solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies, and 14 C dating. The organic carbon contents of the Alfisol (0.50-0.25%) were about half the ones of the Vertisol (0.69-0.48%). Among...
We investigated the relations between soil properties and the variability at field-scale of soil P sorption capacity (PSC) and degree of P saturation (DPS), and the relationship between DPS and P concentrations in soil solution. Soil samples of 0-30 cm, 30-60 cm and 60-90 cm depths were collected every 10 meters on a transect of a total length of 539 meters in the northeastern part of the province...
Most data on Belgian soils were gathered during the National Soil Survey (1947-1971), which resulted in the Belgian soil map (1:20,000). Due to the impact of man on the soil some of this information may be outdated. This study presents a methodology for evaluating soil maps with respect to actual water table characteristics.Ninety dip-wells were located on permanent grassland of two contrasting...
Soil characteristics that most strongly influence the outcome of the evaluation of soils for reforestation were determined with multivariate analysis. R-mode factor analysis was used to relate results of the soil survey with those of the soil evaluation. We studied the area of the Sierra Nevada mountains in southern Spain. Soil variables were measured in 163 soil profiles, collected in a survey...
Cropping systems can affect subsurface water quality through modifications of soil hydraulic properties of the unsaturated, near-surface soil. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential impact of two contrasting cropping systems on groundwater contamination by following the distribution in the soil profile of an inert solute under natural rainfall conditions. The experiment consisted of...
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