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Organic carbon in subsoils amounts to 40–60% of the global soil carbon pool and is generally characterized by apparent turnover times of hundreds to thousands of years and an increasing spatial variability with depth. The objective of this study was to analyze the amounts and distribution of SOC and to elucidate the turnover and storage mechanisms throughout deep soil profiles of a sandy Dystric Cambisol...
Digital soil mapping is becoming a powerful tool to increase the spatial detail of soil information over large areas, which is essential to address agronomic and environmental issues. When it exists, information about soil is often sparse or available at a coarser resolution than required. The spatial distribution of soil at the regional scale is usually represented as a set of polygons defining Soil...
Intensification of anthropogenic activities has resulted in shrinkage of lakes, which are important sources and sinks of the greenhouse gas methane. Given the increasing interest in the potential importance of CH4 flux, we employed Illumina Miseq pyrosequencing to examine the effect of lake shrinkage (in a lake that had decreased from 3.7km2 to 3.0km2 in area during the last 20years) on the community...
Despite the importance of root quality for its decomposition, the effects of forest conversion and diameter size on root decomposition still remains poorly understood. A two-year field experiment was conducted to examine the mass loss and nutrient release of three root diameter classes (0–2mm, 2–5mm and 5–10mm) in three subalpine tree species (Abies faxoniana, Picea asperata and Betula albosinensis)...
Over the last decade, major technological advances in X-ray computed tomography (CT) have allowed for the investigation and reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) natural porous media architectures at very fine scales. Soil scientists can use the internal structure information to develop predictive models for a range of physical, chemical and biological processes in soil. Image segmentation and...
Soil properties can exhibit strong spatial variation, even at the small catchment scale. Especially soil carbon pools in semi-arid, mountainous areas are highly uncertain because bulk density and stoniness are very heterogeneous and rarely measured explicitly. The effect of topographic and vegetation variables, on stoniness, bulk density and soil carbon has been explored in a 2.7km2 watershed of Sierra...
Process-based ecosystem models are used increasingly to evaluate the impacts of agricultural practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks at various scales. One of the major sources of error and projection uncertainty in these models is the specification of the initial SOC pools sizes. However, few studies have examined errors and uncertainty over time and for various agricultural practices. The...
Traditionally in Hungary the soil cover under agricultural and forestry management is typically characterized independently and just approximately identically. Soil data collection is carried out and the databases of soil features are managed irrespectively. As a consequence, nationwide soil maps cannot be considered homogeneously predictive for soils of croplands and forests, plains and hilly/mountainous...
Extreme climatic events are a serious concern for agriculture and its related activities in the entire world. Some recent studies have shown that there is a change in seasonal patterns and an increasing frequency of extreme climatic events, adding higher risk on farming activities. Therefore, government institutions should implement agricultural risk management policies or enable the private sector...
Soils on riverine floodplains in Central Europe are commonly enriched in soil organic matter (SOM). We analyzed the quantity and qualitative aspects of SOM in three soil profiles with mollic horizons along the Elbe River (Germany) after physical fractionation by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy to gain deeper insights into the composition of SOM and the formation...
Heavy metal pollution can result in the degradation of the soil, air and water bodies' quality affecting the health of all living organism. We analyze the spatial distribution of the concentrations of soil heavy metal and relationship with natural or anthropogenic origin. The analysis was performed in Principality of Asturias (mountain region of NW of Spain), where soil heavy metal pollution has become...
Recently, X-ray microtomography (μCT) has open a new way to study soil pore structures. However, μCT data originally comes as gray scale images and the selection of segmentation method to binarized it has an important influence in the structure characterization. Three soil μCT 3D images, corresponding to ploughed soil with different tillage tools, were used in this study. A multifractal analysis was...
The application of nitrogen (N) and herbicides are commonly used to fertilize crops and protect them against weed development, but are also considered as soil and environment pollutants. Even so, the individual and combined non-target effects of N fertilizers and herbicides on multitrophic interactions within agrosystems are not well known. From soil samples collected in the field, we examined the...
Inadequacy of spatial soil information is one of the limiting factors to making evidence-based decisions to improve food security and land management in the developing countries. Various digital soil mapping (DSM) techniques have been applied in many parts of the world to improve availability and usability of soil data, but less has been done in Africa, particularly in Tanzania and at the scale necessary...
Existing sample data are important for digital soil mapping. Different sample points possess different representativeness. The representativeness of samples influences the soil mapping result greatly. However, few study focus on assessing the representativeness of single sample. In this paper, we proposed a method to identify representative samples from existing samples collected from multiple resources...
We have imaged the particles of Brazilian soils at multiple length scales, from a few microns to millimeters, and soil particle size distributions were calculated with unmatched precision. The analysis included the Amazonian soil “Terra Mulata de Índio” (TMI), an anthropogenic soil (Anthrosol) with sustained fertility and a large amount of stabilized organic matter. Firstly, the soils were imaged...
The knowledge of the soil variability is essential for its hydrologic characterization, for irrigation management and planning and especially for water movement modeling. Nevertheless, the scarcity of soil information in Spain precludes its use in irrigation management and, particularly, in the on-going irrigation modernization process. The Violada Irrigation District (VID) comprises 5234ha and is...
The recent modernization of 1.1Mha of irrigated land in Spain calls for the evaluation of these transformations in terms of environmental impact and resource use efficiency. The available data for this evaluation has increased with the transformation (better, digital and spatially distributed data) allowing for the use of distributed soil water and solute movement models. But most hydrological models...
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