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Organic matter from surface horizons of olive grove soils under organic and conventional management, compared to natural vegetation (undisturbed), on two contrasting geological substrates (colluvial limestones and marls) in a semi-arid Mediterranean area were characterized to evaluate the influence of management and soil type.Higher percentages of total carbon, total humic extract and humin fractions...
Land use changes like afforestation and deforestation are known to affect stocks of carbon in soils. We measured changes in soil carbon stocks in afforested and deforested sites. Repeated measurements were made at six sites which had been afforested with three different tree species 17–18years before this sampling. The deforestation sites consisted of six field soils that were taken to cultivation...
Proglacial areas in the Alps usually cover a time span of deglaciation of about 150years (time since the end of the ‘Little Ice Age’ in the 1850s). In these proglacial areas soils have started to develop. Due to the continuous retreat of the Morteratsch glacier (Swiss Alps), the corresponding proglacial area offers a continuous time sequence from 0 to 150year-old surfaces. Furthermore, an optimal...
The copper mining and smelting activities in the Copperbelt province (Zambia) left enormous pollution related to the disposal sites for mining/smelting waste (tailings, slags) and to the continuous deposition of smelter stack particulates in the soil systems. Topsoils in the vicinity of the Nkana copper smelter were studied in order to assess the spatial distribution of metal/metalloid contaminants...
Brilliant Blue is often used to trace water movement in soils. Its concentration in soil samples is usually determined by extraction — a laborious procedure with varying accuracy. In this feasibility study, we show that Brilliant Blue can be estimated directly by visible (vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). We build a PLSR (partial least squares regression) model for the concentration range...
Available carbon (C), measured as hot water extractable carbon (HC), has been suggested as an indicator to assess management effects on soil C fractions, transformations among C fractions, and carbon sequestration potential. Their upscaling to coarser scales has been hampered due to the cost and labor to measure C fractions. With the advent of visible/near-infrared-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy...
Several models and risk assessments that estimate nutrient transfer from agricultural land have been developed. The majority of these associate increased particulate or total nutrient transfer with increased slope and do not make any inferences on the impact of slope on the transfer of nutrients in solution. These models and risk assessments are increasingly used for water quality assessments as part...
Better understanding of soluble carbon (C) dynamics in managed grasslands fertilised with animal manures is required to effectively estimate nutrient transport potential and C loss during land-use change. Two adjacent grassland plots, one amended with 100m 3 ha −1 of liquid swine manure annually since 1978 and another unamended for the same period, were either killed by glyphosate...
Mediterranean soils under heathland are often shallow, with low capacity for water storage, and a high risk of erosion. In this context, recurrent wildfires can negatively affect their chemical and physical properties. Very little research has been carried out concerning the long-term variations on the ground surface after burning. The behaviour of plant communities and plant cover can regulate and...
The soil surface roughness is one of the main factors affecting wind erosion. Little is known about the influence of rains on the degradation rate of the soil surface roughness in different tillage systems and soil types. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the dynamics of the oriented (Kr) and the random (Crr) soil surface roughness as affected by three tillage tools: a disk tandem (DT), a...
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