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Surface area-normalised dissolution rates of the primary minerals in two distinct granitic soils located in 1) the Dartmoor National Park, England and 2) Glen Dye, Scotland were determined as a function of depth. Each soil was sampled to a depth of ~1m. The maximum soil ages based on 14C analysis of the humin fraction of the soil are 15,600 and 4400years for the Dartmoor and Glen Dye soil profiles,...
Soil surface shear strength is an important input parameter in the process-based soil erosion models, but its direct measurement at the watershed scale is difficult, time-consuming and costly. This study was conducted to predict in situ shear strength of the soil surface using multiple-linear regression (MLR). The land use impact on the surface shear strength was examined as well. A direct shear box...
Changes in total carbon (C) concentrations in topsoil were examined in response to organic amendments (OAs) in Japanese orchards and tea gardens at the farm level using 20years of survey data. A rolling nationwide survey was conducted four times between 1979 and 1998. Each complete survey required approximately 5years. In the tea gardens (n=191), the proportion of strongly acidified soils (pH<4)...
Soil macropores largely control fluid and solute transport, making visualization and quantification of macropore characteristics essential for better understanding and predicting soil hydrogeochemical functions. In this study, seventeen large (19×20cm) intact soil cores taken across a loamy field site (Silstrup, Denmark) were scanned at in-situ sampling conditions (~field capacity) at a relatively...
The assessment of class frequency in soil map legends is affected by uncertainty, especially at small scales where generalization is greater. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that data mining techniques provide better estimation of class frequency than traditional deterministic pedology in a national soil map.In the 1:5,000,000 map of Italian soil regions, the soil classes are the...
Labile fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) have been used as indicators for land use induced changes in soil quality. Differences in soil C pools under row crop production and uncultivated soils may provide information about soil C sequestration. The impact of agroforestry consisting of poplar with wheat, rice–wheat, maize–wheat and sugarcane agro-ecosystems on total organic carbon (TOC) and labile...
The aim of this work was to study the sensibility to warming of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition in Mediterranean high mountain areas. Thus, we investigated the effects of temperature, C availability and vegetation in a Mediterranean high-mountain area in relation to SOM decomposition patterns. Along an altitudinal gradient (from 2100 to 2380ma.s.l.) in Central Spain mountains, we assessed...
This paper describes a treatment of the mineral montmorillonite (MMT) with sodium (MMT-Na), potassium (MMT-K) and calcium (MMT-Ca), aiming the removal of the highly toxic Hg(II) from aqueous medium. An apparent equilibrium near 10h of contact time was verified, being this time adopted for the sorption studies. The data obtained by this study evidenced that a pseudo-second order was appropriate to...
Quantifying clay content is a fundamental step in predicting and managing soil behaviors such as nutrient and water retention. However, clay measurements are underestimated when using standard methods of dispersion in soils rich in oxides and volcanic ash-derived non-crystalline minerals. Increasing levels of the chemical dispersant and ultrasonic energy are two simple techniques found to increase...
Most knowledge about the degradation of lignocellulose in natural environments is based on woody tissue and aerobic systems; however, in peatlands the contribution of graminoids to organic matter (OM) is often significant and anaerobic conditions prevail. In order to reconstruct past environmental conditions from peatlands and predict possible feedback mechanism between peatlands and climate change,...
Sequestration of atmospheric carbon (C) and erosion prevention are two ecosystem services that can be provided by plants through their impact on soil aggregation and organic matter. We propose a conceptual model aimed at generalizing the effect of plant material decomposition on C sequestration and soil water-stable macroaggregation (WSMA). We characterized plant material mineralization using a first...
The objective of the work presented in this paper was to investigate how rasters of the probabilities of occurrence of soil classes may be used to create digital soil property maps and maps of their associated uncertainties. The approach we present is formalised in an algorithm we developed called “Digital Soil Property Mapping Using Soil Class Probability Rasters” (PROPR).The soil class probability...
Soil organic carbon (SOC) storage can be increased by incorporating crop residues such as straw. However, the use of straw as a bioenergy source is an alternative option. There is currently great uncertainty concerning the effects of residue incorporation/removal, but estimates can be improved by using well-documented, frequently sampled long-term experiments (LTEs). This study examined the effect...
Mercury (Hg) speciation by thermo-desorption is considered an alternative to laborious sequential chemical procedures; hence its popularity has increased in the last years. In this work, steps were taken to improve the information obtained by Hg speciation through thermo-desorption, specifically to improve peak resolution and increase the number of species that can be identified. The thermo-desorption...
The spatial distribution of soil properties often displays complex and multiscale patterns of variation. It results from multiple soil processes acting simultaneously but at different scales. Hence, characterizing the influence of a given controlling factor on the soil property is made more difficult by the variation due to other controlling factors. In this context, separating the variation of the...
Chronosequences and associated space-for-time substitutions are an important and fruitful means for investigating the rates and directions of soil and ecosystem evolution across multiple time-scales ranging from decades to millions of years. This paper reviews the use of chronosequences for studying biogeochemistry of paddy soil evolution to improve our understanding of the fundamental processes,...
In the Brazilian Amazon patches of anthropogenic soils known as Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) occur. These soils are rich in carbon (C) and plant nutrients compared to the naturally occurring strongly weathered soils. In this paper we explore the potential of visible to near infrared (vis–NIR) and mid infrared (MIR) spectroscopy as an alternative to traditional soil analysis of ADE properties for predicting...
Soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in soil fertility and C cycle. Detailed information about the spatial distribution of SOM is vital to effective management of soil fertility and better understanding of the process of C cycle. To date, however, few studies have been carried out to digitally map the spatial variation of SOM for rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantation at the regional...
Gypseous (>40% gypsum) and gypsiferous (1 to 40% gypsum) soils are estimated to comprise from 100million to 200millionha globally including over 1millionha in the U.S. More intensive land use on these soils has resulted in greater demand for information on distribution, properties, and behavior of these soils. Common laboratory methods for determining particle size distribution of soils involve...
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