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Charcoals have long been used to adsorb organics from water and other substrates; we hypothesise that biochar may act in a similar way when mixed with soil, removing hydrophobic organic compounds from the soil surfaces. To test this hypothesis, we developed quantitative methods for addition of two hydrophobic organic compounds (octadecane and octadecanoic acid, commonly found in naturally hydrophobic...
Raman spectra of charcoal fragments in cumulative soils in central Japan, where grasslands have been sustained using intentional burning for ~1000years, were obtained and compared to those of fresh charcoal fragments after modern grass burning to clarify their disappearance and alteration process in the soils. Although the values of each Raman-spectrum parameter of the soil charcoal and fresh charcoal...
The interaction between biochar and soil changes nitrogen (N) dynamics in different ecosystems. Although multiple studies have reported influences of biochar on soil inorganic N (SIN) including ammonium (NH4+-N) and nitrate (NO3−-N), the influences reported are contradictory. We undertook a meta-analysis to investigate how biochar properties and the interaction among biochar, soil and fertilisation...
Biochar can remediate degraded soils and maintain or improve soil health, but specific and predictable effects on soil properties and crop productivity are unknown because of complex interactions associated with climate patterns, inherent soil characteristics, site-specific crop and soil management practices, and the source, production characteristics, and amount of biochar applied. This multi-location...
Pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) has long been used as a soil amendment to improve soil physicochemical properties. However, few studies simultaneously investigated both intensities and frequencies of PyOM addition on soil chemical properties of soil base cations, soil pH buffering capacity (pHBC), and plant available micronutrients. In the main food production area of lower Liaohe River Plain in Northeast...
Biochars have been recognized as an important material to improve soil properties. In a number of studies their beneficial properties have been found to increase with residence time in soil and during the composting process. The beneficial properties have been correlated with surface functional groups resulting from the interactions between char particles, inorganic and organic matter in the soil...
A 49week soil incubation study employing 15 recycled organic (RO) wastes was conducted to investigate relations (through Kendall correlation analysis) between plant available nitrogen (PAN) supply and soil recalcitrant carbon (C) parameters with those of the RO waste chemical properties as determined by wet chemistry and spectroscopic methods. The hot water extractable organic C to hot water extractable...
The understanding of the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization is essential to mitigate the climate change and improve the soil quality for agricultural sustainability. An incubation study was carried out to investigate the effects of corncob-derived biochar with and without the corncob residues, as added organic matter (AOM), on C and N mineralization in an organic C deficient alkaline soil...
The response of soil microbial communities from soils with different soil organic matter (SOM) content to organic inputs with different stability is still poorly understood. Thus, an incubation experiment was designed to study how the addition of pig slurry (PS), its manure (M) and its biochar (BC) affect soil microbial community and activity in three soils differing in SOM content (Regosol, Luvisol...
Biochar may increase soil fertility and crop yield by enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC), nutrient availability and water retention. However, the mechanisms through which biochar effects crop yield at field scale and the time span over which biochar can affect soil properties and crop yield are still little known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of wood biochar as soil amendment,...
The application to soils of energy co-products derived from forest biomass (biochar [BC] and wood ash [WA]) with the aim of regulating soil hydraulic conductivity and water availability, thereby reducing soil erosion and increasing resilience to drought, has been suggested as a strategy for climate change mitigation and adaptation. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of...
In agricultural studies, estimating and testing differences between treatment regimes in a designed experiment usually determines the subsequent success or failure of inputs or management practices. Fine-scale soil variability of the experimental site can reduce statistical power and should be determined in order to optimize the experiment design. Although randomization is often performed, there is...
Arid and semi-arid soils often show a pulse of soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions upon re-wetting – whether from irrigation water or rainfall. We used a laboratory incubation to elucidate interactions of salinity, biochar amendment, and simulated wetting intensity in emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) in a semi-arid Australian soil. A factorial experimental...
The ability of soils to hold sufficient plant available water (PAW) between rainfall events is critical to crop productivity. Most studies indicate that biochar amendments decrease soil bulk density and increase soil water retention. However, limited knowledge exists regarding biochars ability to influence PAW and water use efficiency (WUE), and even less is known about the effects of aged biochars...
Application of pyrolysed feedstocks or biochar has the potential to affect soil enzyme activity and function. Nevertheless, our detailed understanding of the mechanisms responsible for biochar-enzyme interaction is limited in arid soils. The main aim of this study was to study how the potential activity of several extra- and intra-cellular enzymes involved in C and N cycling, and microbial metabolism...
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