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Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is an important nitrogen removal pathway in aquatic systems. However, the significance of anammox in nitrogen removal in terrestrial ecosystems, particularly in the agricultural ecosystems, is currently not well known. Here, we studied the vertical distribution and activity of anammox bacteria in a vegetable field (0–100cm; 10-cm intervals) in Southeastern China...
The stability of soil organic matter (OM) in Amazonian anthropogenic soils, Terra Preta de Índio (TPI), is still not completely understood. The large contribution from black carbon (BC) and minerals to these soils is well-known; OM stability is therefore frequently explained by these properties, providing intrinsic recalcitrance (BC) and chemical protection against decomposition (OM-mineral associations),...
Continuous assessment of soil heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils is critical for ensuring ecosystem health and minimizing potential adverse effects. However, conventional laboratory determinations are time-consuming, expensive and involve hazardous chemicals. We evaluated the potential of visible near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (VNIRS) to rapidly and simultaneously predict total,...
Tillage is a common agricultural practice affecting soil structure and biogeochemistry. Pore network geometries are crucial to oxygen concentration, gas diffusivity, water location and water movement. Soil aggregates, 4–6mm in diameter and collected from silty loam in Belgium and sandy loam in China, were scanned using a micro-computed tomography scanner. Images with a pixel size of 6.9μm were then...
Excess salinity may lead to degradation of arable land and exclusion from agricultural production by worsening of their properties. The evaluation of the characteristics of saline soils is very important from the point of view of the use of agricultural soil. The aim of this study was to determine changes in the physicochemical properties of soil, the content and activity of soil microbial biomass...
Laboratory Visible-Near Infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy is a good alternative to costly physical and chemical soil analysis to estimate a wide range of soil properties. Various statistical methods relate soil Vis-NIR spectra to soil properties including partial least-squares regression (PLSR), the most common multivariate statistical technique in soil science. Most efforts are generally dedicated...
Based on field observations, remote sensing, and modeling, recent studies have reported inconsistent changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau over the past few decades. However, direct evidence about the changes in SOC stocks in the plateau's grasslands coming from in situ, site-by-site, repeated surveys is rare. In this study, we carried out a repeated soil...
The laboratory soil analysis is traditionally used to establish elements, such as those related with fertility. It is costly and time consuming, which insures issues for future of precision agriculture, which is stagnated in some countries. Reflectance spectroscopy has recently emerged as a potential tool to reduce these issues. However, chemical elements are usually only underlined with spectra by...
Organic farming systems provide the opportunity to deliver more soil ecosystem services than conventional practices. One such service could be soil organic C (SOC) accumulation, but recent debates suggest that this is unclear. Furthermore, organic farming potential to accumulate SOC for the entire soil profile is not well known. We quantified the cumulative SOC stocks, aggregate-associated SOC, and...
Vertisols and vertic soils are known in a wide range of bioclimatic environments. The aim of this research was to identify possible vertic features in ultra-continental climate with gelic soil temperature regime with MAAT <1°C. Detailed morphological investigation supported by micromorphological and physical attributes identified vertic features both at the order and subgroup levels in Buryatia...
Physical stabilization of soil organic matter (SOM) was assessed by a novel combination of methods in minesoils of Central Italy, cultivated or afforested with different species by 30years. We studied this stabilization in: 1) a managed (thinned and mowed) English oak (Quercus robur L.) plantation; 2) a similarly managed 1:1 mixed plantation of Italian alder (Alnus cordata Loisel.) and English oak;...
Time-stability of the soil water content (SWC) under influence of a native forest has great interest, however, it has been little scientifically explored in tropical and subtropical regions. This study aimed to monitor in a systematic way the SWC at soil depth to analyze its space-time variability and time-stability under conditions of an Atlantic Forest remnant, a native environment of southeastern...
Visible and near infrared spectroscopy (vis-NIRS) is an established method for estimating the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil nitrogen (N). Recent studies have suggested that it may also be useful for estimating enzyme activities, however this potential has not been explored in detail. Objectives were to determine estimation accuracies of vis-NIRS for general soil properties (SOC, N,...
Growth limitation induced by Al toxicity is believed to commonly occur in tropical forests, although a direct proof is frequently lacking. To test for the general assumption of Al toxicity, Al, Ca, and Mg concentrations in precipitation, throughfall, stemflow, organic layer leachate, mineral soil solutions, stream water, and the leaves of 17 native tree species were analyzed. We calculated Al fluxes...
The interaction between biochar and soil changes nitrogen (N) dynamics in different ecosystems. Although multiple studies have reported influences of biochar on soil inorganic N (SIN) including ammonium (NH4+-N) and nitrate (NO3−-N), the influences reported are contradictory. We undertook a meta-analysis to investigate how biochar properties and the interaction among biochar, soil and fertilisation...
Deadwood is a key factor in forest ecosystems, yet how it influences forest soil properties is uncertain. We hypothesized that changes in soil properties induced by deadwood mainly depend on the amount of released phenolic matter. Consequently we expected softwood- and hardwood-related deadwood effects on soil to be explained by unequal enrichment of phenolic substances. We measured differences in...
Grain size distribution (GSD) is fundamental for soils and usually described by a set of graphic parameters (e.g., median size, kurtosis, skewness, uniform and curvature coefficient). Some probability distributions (e.g., lognormal and Weibull distribution) are used for special cases, but no general expression is available. In this paper we propose a general distribution form of P(D)=CD−μexp(−D/Dc...
Soil organic matter (SOM) for topsoil is one of most important indicators to support the success of mine ecological reclamation. SOM varies along the artificial mine landscape characterized by different bench-slopes of dump. Reflectance using field spectroscopy can provide useful information on the assessment of punctual soil variation, and has the advantages of speed and efficiency. The aims of this...
Predicting soil properties through visible and near-infrared (Vis–NIR) spectroscopy by a limited number of calibration samples can reduce the cost and time for physic-chemical analyses. This study was aimed to assess the influence of calibration set size on the prediction of total carbon (TC) in the soil by Vis–NIR spectroscopy. In a forested area of 33ha in southern Italy (Calabria), 216 soil samples...
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