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The sorption of total, hydrophilic, and hydrophobic dissolved organic matter (DOM) on 125 forest soil samples was studied in batch experiments. The soil samples represented the main soil orders of temperate climatic zones: Entisols, Inceptisols, Alfisols, Mollisols, and Spodosols. In general, sorption was adequately described by the linear initial mass isotherm.At zero addition of DOM, the release...
The experimental sorption isotherms of fluoride were compared for several aluminosilicate clays. A competitive Langmuir isotherm incorporating pH dependence in fluoride sorption was used to model the experimental results. Bentonite was determined to be a far superior fluoride sorbent than kaolinite quantitatively, although results suggest that fluoride sorption by bentonite may not be achieved through...
Design charts, based on solution of the advection-dispersion equation and assuming equilibrium sorption, have been developed to aid in interception-sorption trench design. The interception-sorption trench method is a simple, cost effective, in situ groundwater remediation technique. The procedure involves excavating a trench downflow of a polluted area and backfilling the trench with a sorbent material...
The environmental impact of metal additions to a soil depends on the metal sorption ability of the soil. This study compared the Cd and Pb sorption abilities of some selected English and Indian soils. The results showed that the English soils generally sorbed Cd and Pb more strongly and in greater amounts compared to the Indian soils. Soil pH, CEC, contents of organic matter, clay and CaCO 3 ...
Cadmium (Cd) is of no known essential biological function and is toxic to plants and animals. Leaching of Cd through soil profiles has implications for both its accumulation in subsoil or contamination of ground-water. We measured adsorption and transport of Cd in the presence of Ca and Na salts of varying ionic strengths using batch and miscible displacement techniques. Two variable charge soils,...
Experiments on the sorption of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soils were mainly conducted in batch approaches. Because varying setups were used in these studies, comparison of the results requires knowledge on the effects that different experimental conditions may have on the sorption of DOC. This investigation evaluated the DOC sorption of soils using differently pretreated soil samples (field-fresh...
Analysis of sorption data is important for characterizing retention of chemicals by soil. In this paper I review the most common isotherm equations used in soil science. The mathematical descriptions of these equations are classified into rational, power, and transcendental functions which are related to the isotherm classification. I use most well-known isotherm equation as special cases of a general...
The impact of the surface properties of Fe oxides formed both in the absence and the presence of citric acid at the citrate concentration of 10 -5 M on their kinetics and mechanisms of Pb sorption was investigated by using pressure-jump relaxation spectrometry. The adsorption edge of Pb on these two Fe oxides can be described by the modified triple layer model (TLM) using the FITEQL program...
Seven cadmium (Cd)-treated soils (10 mg Cd kg -1 soil) with contrasting pH (4.9-8.4), organic matter content (0.1-1.8%) and mineralogy were used to investigate the role of solid-phase fractions on Cd solubility and equilibrium. The concentration of total dissolved Cd in soil solution (69.95-512 μg Cd l -1 ), dissolved organic C (58-750 mg C l -1 ), and estimated...
During the last decade, research in sedimentary systems led to the paradigm of sorptive stabilization of organic matter (OM). Studies on soils also show that sorptive interactions between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and mineral phases contribute to the preservation of soil OM. In the first part of the paper, we summarize evidence for sorptive stabilization of OM in forest soils including (a) pronounced...
To evaluate the sorption mechanism of heavy metals viz. cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in major soil types, an experiment was conducted on Vertic Ustochrept, Typic Eutrochrept, Typic Ustipsamment, Typic Haplustalf and Typic Ustorthent representing five agroecological zones (AEZ) of India. The thermodynamic parameters viz. K o , ΔG o , ΔH o and ΔS o were determined by using...
In recent years, elevated arsenic concentrations have been found in waters and soils of many countries, often resulting in a health threat for the local population. Switzerland is not an exception and this paper deals with the release and subsequent fate of arsenic in a 200-km 2 mountainous watershed, characterized by crystalline silicate rocks (gneisses, schists, amphibolites) that contain...
In the paper, the oxidation of trivalent chromium in soils is presented. The main oxidant responsible for oxidation of Cr(III) compounds in soil is manganese (IV) oxide. The paper examined two aspects of Cr(III) oxidation in soils: (1) the soil oxidation potential and; (2) sorption of Cr(III) on the examples of four soils differing in organic matter content (0.72% to 3.72% of organic carbon) and total...
Many important sorption parameters have been determined by isothermal sorption batch experiments; however, only macroscopic and indirect results were obtained. The objective of this study was to derive the species and structural environment of Cu(II) on the surface of gibbsite (Al(OH) 3 ), pyrolusite (MnO 2 ), and amorphous silica (SiO 2 ), using the technique of extended X-ray...
Laboratory investigation was conducted to investigate the mechanism of cadmium sorption by pure calcium carbonate and to examine whether, reaction products of phosphate with calcium carbonate serve as a sink for sorption of toxic heavy metal cations like cadmium. The phosphatization of calcium carbonate (G.R) was carried out by treating it with orthophosphoric acid in Ca:P ratio of 5:3, 3:2, 4:3 and...
Dye tracers are important hydrological tracers. Only a few commercially available dyes have been systematically evaluated for their suitability as hydrological tracers. Sorption is one of the limiting factors for the suitability of a dye tracer. In this study we examined the sorption of four dyes to a sandy soil using batch and column techniques. The four dyes, C.I. Food Blue 2 (Brilliant Blue FCF),...
Zinc sorption/desorption phenomena in soils are important in determining the bioavailability of soil Zn to plants. Some soils of the Canterbury Plains, New Zealand are regarded as potentially Zn deficient, however there is little information available for these soils, or in fact for soils in general, on the factors that influence the sorption and desorption of soil Zn. In order to increase our understanding...
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the important factors affecting metal mobility and phytotoxicity in the soils receiving sewage sludge. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DOM from anaerobically digested dewatered sludge on Cd and Zn sorption by three different soil types (calcareous clay loam, calcareous sandy loam and acidic sandy loam) of different physico-chemical properties...
Little attention has been given to the influence of freezing on P cycling in wetlands. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of freeze–thaw treatments on the P sorption properties of wetland soils, and to determine possible further impact on P retention in wetland soils. In laboratory incubations, six surface soils with varying amounts of P added (0–320 mg P L −1 ), was continuously...
Sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) is an important process for determining their fate and transport in soils and sediments. Soil/Sediment organic matter (SOM) is believed to be the dominant sorbent but the mechanisms are not thoroughly understood. In this study, we examined the sorption of phenanthrene, naphthalene and o-xylene by a mineral soil, its base-extracted soil (BE), humic acid...
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