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A sequential extraction procedure, used to remove the heavy metals in specifically adsorbed and easily reducible manganese (Mn) oxide fractions, was used to study the transformation of heavy metals added to an alkaline soil. Most of the endogenous Cu (86%) and Pb (79%) were found in the residual fraction (RES) which was considered to be mainly highly crystalline Fe oxides and silicate minerals. The...
In a primary vegetation sequence on wind blown sands in the Netherlands, podzolization becomes evident under pine forest with various undergrowth and is more expressed under the subsequent beech forest. Recognizable podzol-B horizons appear together with H (humified O) horizons. In order to investigate whether the vegetation influences H horizon composition and the water-soluble fraction of this horizon,...
Some improvements of the fractionation of organic phosphorus (P 0 ) in calcareous soils were made on the basis of different soil extractants. Labile P 0 contained in soil microorganisms was extracted by fumigation of soil with chloroform (CHCl 3 ). The shaking time for extracting labile P 0 , moderately labile P 0 and stable P 0 was shortened to 20 min,...
Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform (DRIFT) technique was used to investigate decomposition of maize straw residues in particle-size fractions of three European soils in a 1-year incubation experiment that simulated both incorporation and mulching practices. The aliphatic bands in the 2920-2860 cm -1 regions were used to derive decomposition curves and mineralization rates...
Phosphorus (P) reserves and related characteristics of soil horizons were studied in two clay (Inceptisols) and two coarse-textured (Inceptisol, Spodosol) cultivated soils in Finland. The soils were young and they all had been formed of multiple parent materials, the deposition of which were linked to the evolutionary stages of the Baltic Sea. In all C horizons, the content of total P and measured...
Seven cadmium (Cd)-treated soils (10 mg Cd kg -1 soil) with contrasting pH (4.9-8.4), organic matter content (0.1-1.8%) and mineralogy were used to investigate the role of solid-phase fractions on Cd solubility and equilibrium. The concentration of total dissolved Cd in soil solution (69.95-512 μg Cd l -1 ), dissolved organic C (58-750 mg C l -1 ), and estimated...
The impact of heavy metal contamination on crop growth and water quality has become a public concern in southern China where variable charge soils are widespread. A laboratory experiment was designed with contaminated levels of copper (Cu) to estimate the distribution of anthropogenic Cu in different constituents of two variable charge soils using a sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and to evaluate...
Time effect on the fractionation of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in three typical Chinese soils was investigated. A total of 500 mg kg −1 of Cu, Zn, Pb and 2.5 mg kg −1 of Cd were added to soils as nitrates. Metals in the incubated soils were fractionated termly from 3 h to 8 weeks by the sequential extraction procedure, in which the metal fractions were experimentally defined as exchangeable,...
Twenty-eight soil samples with a wide range of chemical and physical properties were collected from typical uncontaminated soils of Central Spain, characterised in general by their medium or high calcium carbonate contents. The extractability and solid-phase fractionation of manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in the soils was determined by the single extraction procedure proposed by the BCR for calcareous...
Increasing industrial development and rapid urbanization affects adversely the paddy regions of China in terms of environmental pollution. Soil organic matter is one of the major components, which influence the contaminants mobility in soils. Fulvic acid is one of the major fractions of the soil organic matter of the paddy soils. It is imperative to separate fulvic acids (FA) to different fractions...
The extractability and solid-phase fractionation of manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in acid-to-neutral agricultural soils from Central Spain was evaluated by sampling and analysing twenty-nine representative soils and by greenhouse cropping eleven of them with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare, L.). All soil samples were extracted with three chemical extractants commonly used for soil fertility evaluation...
The fate of Cu fertilizer in soils is important for its plant availability and environmental significance. Little research has been done to investigate the status of Cu in soil under repeated application of Cu fertilizer. A field study was conducted to determine the distribution and transport of Cu in soil profiles after 17 years' applications of Cu fertilizer. Soil samples obtained at different application...
The Mississippi River Delta (U.S.A.) is the major agricultural and aquacultural base where many crops and fishes are sensitive to micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn). Zinc is a common yield-limiting factor for rice and was reported to increase rice yields grown on some Delta soils. Soil/sediments in fish ponds of the Delta are drained and disposed for improving the conditions of bottoms. Bioavailability of...
The potential of continuous-flow leaching in rotating coiled columns (RCC) for studies on elements association and binding in soils has been evaluated. Soddy–podzolic, anthropogenic transformed urbo soils and floodplain soils were under study. A particulate solid sample (about 0.5 g) was retained in a PTFE rotating column as the stationary phase whereas different aqueous eluents were continuously...
A Andisol humic acid (HA) was fractioned by preparative size exclusion chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of denaturising agent (SEC-PAGE setup). Three fractions exhibiting high, medium and low molecular size (MS) and showing well-defined and distinct electrophoretic mobility were obtained. These fractions were analysed by UV–visible, FTIR and 3-D fluorescence spectroscopies...
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of time on lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) availability in some calcareous soils of Iran. Heavy metals were added to soils at the rate of 500 mg kg −1 of Pb, Zn, and Cu and 8 mg kg −1 of Cd as chloride. The samples were incubated for 3 h, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days at 25 °C and constant moisture. After incubation,...
The availability of native phosphorus (P) in Zambian Alfisols, Ultisols and Oxisols, the dominant agricultural soils in the country, is relatively low. Given that crop production in the country is dominated by low external input practices, native P remains important to plant P nutrition in many locations. There is a dearth of knowledge about soil P distribution, transformations and fertility in Zambia...
Transport-induced changes in the concentrations of NH 4 Cl (Cu E ) and Na-pyrophosphate (Cu P ) extractable Cu in acid soils were studied by using diffusion cells in order to quantify Cu transport by measuring the variation of Cu E and Cu P in a half-cell with no copper added (receiving half-cell). An empirical approach based on the Freundlich equation was used...
Rate of phosphorus (P) transformation in soils can significantly influence P fertility of soils. The transformation rate and fractionations of P in 20 calcareous soils of varying properties were investigated. Phosphorus was added to the samples at rates of 200mgkg −1 soil. The samples were incubated for 3, 24, 168, 336, 504, 720, 1440, and 2160h at 25°C and Olsen-P was determined after each...
The effect of five metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) and soil pH, organic matter (OM) and oxidation–reduction potential (ORP) on bioavailable Cd in contaminated areas downstream of the Padaeng Zn mine in Mae Sot, Tak Province, Thailand was investigated. Soil samples were collected to characterize the bioavailable fractions of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn by comparing weakly bound fractions with total metal...
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