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Management of soil organic matter (SOM) is esential to sustaining the quality and productivity of soils around the globe. This appears to be particularly true in the tropics where there is a greater proportion of nutrient poor, highly weathered soils that are more susceptible to losses of SOM. Developing management practices that promote the maintenance and storage of SOM in the tropics depends on...
Conversion of natural forests to agriculture in the humid tropics leads to a reduction in ecosystem carbon storage due to the immediate removal of aboveground biomass and a gradual subsequent reduction in soil organic carbon. A considerable part of soil carbon is protected from microbial attack by a range of physical and chemical mechanisms and is not sensitive to landuse change. We analyzed the soils...
Surface soil organic carbon pool (SOCP) and turnover time are particularly sensitive to site variables and land use change. An understanding of influences of site variables on surface SOCP is important to planning future land use for C sequestration and sustaining agricultural production. This study was conducted to clarify relationships between the SOCP in the upper 30-cm mineral soil and site variables...
In this review, technical and economically viable potentials for carbon sequestration in the agricultural soils of Europe by 2008-2012 are analysed against a business-as-usual scenario. We provide a quantitative estimation of the carbon absorption potential per hectare and the surface of agricultural land that is available and suitable for the implementation of those measures, their environmental...
Soil structure exerts important influences on the edaphic conditions and the environment. It is often expressed as the degree of stability of aggregates. Aggregation results from the rearrangement, flocculation and cementation of particles. It is mediated by soil organic carbon (SOC), biota, ionic bridging, clay and carbonates. The complex interactions of these aggregants can be synergistic or disruptive...
The amount and vertical distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage is primarily a function of vegetation type and climate, with influence from soil and landscape properties and human activities. The influence of dust aggradation on landscapes during the Holocene has largely been ignored as a factor in long-term SOC storage. Dust aggradation is important to soil horizonation and C sequestration...
This study examines whether changes from grassy to woody vegetation coincide with the initiation of European farming practices (last 50–150 years) in central Queensland, using a site where historical records suggest invasion of woody vegetation (Acacia sp.). Soil samples were taken along a transect, spanning the transition between C4-dominated grassland and C3-dominated woodland. We utilize δ ...
Global climate change and concerns about soil quality have led to a widespread interest in the opportunities that are available to sequester carbon in soils. To achieve a better understanding of the changes in C storage, we need to be able to accurately measure and model inputs and losses of C from soils. This in turn requires a thorough understanding of the biological processes involved and the way...
There has been growing interest in the use of diffuse reflectance as a quick, inexpensive tool for soil characterization. Some studies, using techniques like Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression of 1st derivative spectra have reported predictive accuracies for soil Organic C (OC) and Inorganic C (IC) that approach the analytical limits of standard laboratory measures. We applied 1st derivative Visible...
The interactive effects of two functionally different earthworm species (Aporrectodea caliginosa (endogeic species) and Lumbricus rubellus (epigeic species)) on the incorporation of fresh residue into large macroaggregates and formation of microaggregates within these large macroaggregates were investigated during a short-term laboratory experiment using 13 C-labelled sorghum (Sorghum bicolor...
Inventories of carbon stocks and projected changes at national scale are needed in the context of the Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), but uncertainties in the necessary soil data remain large. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and inorganic carbon (SIC) reserves in Jordan were estimated using a revised 1:500000 soil and terrain database, providing baseline data. The 95% confidence limits...
Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (total N) stocks in 0–0.3 and 0.3–1.0m soil layers were estimated following the standard procedures for three vegetation communities; Schefflera-Hagenia, Hypericum-Erica-Schefflera, and Erica arborea (shrub size), at different topographic aspects (east-, west-, north- and south-facing) on the Bale Mountains in the south-eastern highlands of Ethiopia. The...
Large archive databases of soil organic matter (SOM) widely exist in Lithuania and the other countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Despite the demise of the former Soviet Union over 16 years ago, and Lithuania's integration as a full European Union state, difficulties of SOM data acceptance remain where these results are presented for publication in international journals, due to methodological...
We analyzed the dynamics of crop yields and soil organic carbon content (SOC) in a long-term fertilization experiment carried out in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China. The experiment with crop rotation of winter wheat and summer maize started in 1990 and had seven treatments receiving N, P, and K at the same rates if it was applied. The treatments were inorganic fertilization (NPK, NP, PK, NK), organic...
Land use and soil management affects soil organic carbon (SOC) pools, chemical composition of stabilized SOC fractions, and the depth distribution. No-till production of corn (Zea mays L.) is a recommended management practice that reduces soil losses and increases SOC concentration, but the scientific knowledge of the mechanisms of C sequestration and protection is scanty. Therefore, the objective...
The aim of this study was to characterize carbon sequestration by mineralogical control at the scale of a volcanic soil horizon. We adapted the classical density fractionation procedure and focused on the heavy fractions (>1.9), which we divided into eight organomineral fractions. We characterized them simultaneously through non-destructive mineralogical analyses (XRD and NMR of Al and Si) and...
Free atmospheric CO 2 enrichment (FACE) studies conducted at the whole-tree and ecosystem scale indicate that there is a marked increase in primary production, mainly allocated into below-ground biomass. The enhanced carbon transfer to the root system may result in enhanced rhizodeposition and subsequent transfer to soil C pools. However, the impact of elevated CO 2 on soil C contents...
Surface mining for coal drastically alters soil properties, destabilizes soil organic carbon (SOC) and depletes SOC pools. Reclamation aims to establish a vegetation cover and replenishment of the SOC pool. Therefore, the objective of this research was to compare the SOC pool, and chemically separated C fractions in 0- to 15-cm and 15- to 30-cm depths at four reclaimed sites in southeastern Ohio:...
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important component of the global carbon cycle. Its dynamics depends upon various natural and anthropogenic factors including soil erosion. A study on Miamian silty clay loam soil in central Ohio was conducted to investigate the effect of soil erosion on SOC transport and mineralization. Runoff plots 10, 20 and 30 m long on a 7% slope under natural rainfall were used...
We assessed the impact of long-term manuring and fertilization on changes in different SOC fractions over ten years period (1994–2003) in a Typic Haplustept under intensive cropping with maize (Zea mays L.) — wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) — cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in semi-arid, sub-tropical India. The application of graded doses of NPK from 50% (130 kg N, 35 kg P and 41.5 kg K ha −1 ) to...
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