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A simple description of soil respiration is combined with a three-dimensional random fractal lattice as a model of soil structure. The lattice consists of gas-filled pores and soil matrix that is a combination of the solid phase and water. A respiration process is assumed to take place in the soil matrix. Oxygen transport occurs by diffusion in the gas-filled pores and, at a much slower rate, in the...
The CO 2 evolution and dehydrogenase, protease and amylase activities of fly ash amended soil (Orissa, India) in the presence and absence of earthworms were investigated under laboratory conditions for 2 months at 50% water-holding capacity (WHC) and 25+/-2 o C temperature. A toxicity test of different age groups (juvenile, immature and adult) of Drawida willsi earthworms, dominant...
In well-structured topsoils, part of the soil organic matter (SOM) is located in the interior of the soil aggregates. Because of its location, this part of the SOM is little accessible to micro-organisms, and consequently not readily mineralised. Additionally, the physico-chemical conditions on the aggregate surfaces, being the main habitat of the organisms, control the accessibility, and hence, the...
In incubation experiments with soil samples from two forest soil profiles (Dystric Cambisol, Haplic Podzol), we investigated the influence of the addition of easily available 14 C-labelled organic substrates on the mineralisation of soil organic carbon (SOC). Substrates were added in combination (fructose, alanine) or repeatedly at different time intervals (fructose, alanine, oxalic acid,...
Global climate change and concerns about soil quality have led to a widespread interest in the opportunities that are available to sequester carbon in soils. To achieve a better understanding of the changes in C storage, we need to be able to accurately measure and model inputs and losses of C from soils. This in turn requires a thorough understanding of the biological processes involved and the way...
Free atmospheric CO 2 enrichment (FACE) studies conducted at the whole-tree and ecosystem scale indicate that there is a marked increase in primary production, mainly allocated into below-ground biomass. The enhanced carbon transfer to the root system may result in enhanced rhizodeposition and subsequent transfer to soil C pools. However, the impact of elevated CO 2 on soil C contents...
It is crucial to advance the understanding of soil CO 2 efflux and its components for a better comprehension of carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. The process-based PATCIS model was applied to a first rotation young Sitka spruce stand in order to simulate the seasonal contribution of soil respiration components to the overall soil CO 2 efflux. We evaluated the performance of...
Carbon sequestration in soil is influenced by chemical and physical soil properties. Physical soil properties such as soil structure, wettability, or soil moisture content are strongly scale-dependent. Therefore, we examined the influence of physical and chemical parameters on carbon sequestration in the laboratory on a scale termed here as “mesoscale”. Carbon mineralization was measured in undisturbed...
Leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the organic horizon is an important process involved in translocation and stabilization of organic matter in forest soils. Despite there being many studies on the DOC fluxes in temperate forest soils, very little information is available in tropical forest soils. The roles of DOC leaching in soil organic carbon cycle were evaluated by quantifying the...
To understand the effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration in an intensively cultivated fluvo-aquic loamy soil, a field experiment was conducted in the Fengqiu State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Station, Henan province, China. The experiment consisted of five treatments: unplanted and N-unfertilized soil (CK0), unplanted soil treated with 150kg Nha −1 (CKNL), maize (Zea mays...
This study investigated how nitrogen (N) fertilization with 200kg urea Nha −1 of an intermediate-aged Pacific Northwest Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stand influenced forest-floor CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes over a period of two years. Forest-floor CO 2 efflux (R s ) measurements were made continuously with an automated non-steady-state chamber system as well...
Under strictly controlled conditions we investigated the medium-term response of heterotrophic soil respiration to temperature. Soil fractions from a Sitka spruce plantation were sampled to represent “fresh” (i.e. shallower and containing more labile substrates) and “old” (i.e. deeper and presumed to contain more recalcitrant substrates) carbon sources. CO 2 efflux and its isotopic (δ ...
The effect of nitrogen addition, through deposition or fertilization, on ecosystem processes responsible for storing and releasing greenhouse gasses (GHG) CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O are poorly understood. We measured the effects of winter application of 200kgNha −1 to a near-end-of-rotation coastal Douglas-fir stand on soil CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes, soil and...
Leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the organic (O) horizon plays an important role in soil C cycles and formation of soil organic matter. The magnitude of DOC fluxes in throughfall and soil solutions was quantified in three tropical secondary forests affected by the former selective logging in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The sites were located on the Oxisol soil formed on serpentine and...
There are increasing concerns that climatic and land use changes will enhance soil respiration rates and soil organic carbon loss, compromising agricultural productivity and further elevating atmospheric CO 2 . Current understanding of dryland respiration is, however, insufficient to enable prediction of the consequences of these changes for dryland soils and CO 2 fluxes. The objectives...
Spatial variability of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural lands is not well known although it has a great impact on the accuracy of GHG budget.The objectives of this study were to assess the spatial variability of CO 2 emission fluxes (CO 2-flux ) and correlate these emissions with soil physico-chemical properties at two spatial scales and at different depths using a...
The spatio–temporal variability of soil microbial biomass content (microbial biomass carbon — MBC and nitrogen — MBN) and activity (dehydrogenase — DH, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis — FDAH, soil basal respiration — BR 3 ) and their relationship to the variability of some physicochemical properties at the surface horizon of field soil were studied. Soil samples were collected at 50 points...
Knowing the impact of warming on soil organic matter (SOM) is crucial for estimating future soil CO 2 effluxes. Whether different soil fractions and carbon (C) complexes have different temperature sensitivities is still a matter of debate. To measure the temperature sensitivity of tropical forest soils with ongoing decomposition, we collected soil cores from three sites along an altitudinal...
The aim of this study was to quantify the effects of salinity on soil property and several indicators of soil microbial activity in existing salt affected areas of Northeast Thailand, and thereby provide information relevant to other salt affected areas with a similar alternating wet–dry tropical climate. Soils collected from nine sites showed distinct variation in soil electrical conductivity (EC...
The enhancement of soil organic carbon (SOC) is important for sustainable agriculture, while changes in SOC depend on the balance between carbon (C) input and export. To investigate how chemical fertilizers contribute to C input (e.g. plant-derived C) and export (e.g. original SOC decomposition) in soil, a wheat (a C 3 plant) pot experiment was conducted using a Phaeozem that had previously...
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