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An investigation on the influence of the well preparation technique on field-saturated hydraulic conductivity, K fs , measured with the Guelph Permeameter (GP) method was performed in a sandy loam soil. In particular, the influence of adopting the following procedures to prepare the well was investigated: use of a wire screen insert to prevent sinking of the water outlet tip of the GP...
The large temporal variation in nitrous oxide (N 2 O), methane (CH 4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) flux rates is a major source of error when estimating cumulative fluxes of these radiative active trace gases. We developed an automated system for near-continuous, long-term measurements of N 2 O, CH 4 and CO 2 fluxes from cropland soils and used it to...
Arid regions are characterised by a limited rainfall, a circumstance that acts as a barrier to dryland farming. Lanzarote in the Canary Islands (Spain) is one of the most arid regions in Europe, with less than 150 mm annual rainfall and potential evapotranspiration in excess of 2000 mm. A traditional farming system developed on the island has led to a diversified and productive form of agriculture...
Contents of soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) in the surface soils and subsurface soils were measured in five types of floodplains classified with different flood frequencies in river marginal wetlands of Erbaifangzi, China, in 1999. Contour maps and profile maps were constructed to describe the spatial distribution of SOM and TN in order to identify the influences of flood frequency...
In forest the soil water balance is strongly influenced by tree species composition. For example, differences in transpiration rate lead to differences in soil water storage (SWS) and differences in canopy interception cause differences in infiltration. To analyse the influence of tree species composition on SWS at the scale of a forest stand, we compare spatio-temporal patterns in vegetation and...
The amount, quality and bioavailability of organic matter stored in permafrost soils are important factors determining the response of high-latitude soils to climate warming. In this study, we investigated the storage and composition (isotopic composition, lignin, pyrogenic carbon) of organic matter in mineral soils which are differently affected by permafrost, and we determined the potential CO ...
Variations in soil water content have been determined for a soil chronosequence in a sand dune system at Pinery Provincial Park, southwestern Ontario, Canada. Samples were obtained from seven soil profiles along a 250 m succession from unvegetated dunes to dunes partially stabilized by C 3 or C 4 grasses to stable dunes supporting an oak-savannah ecosystem. This location provided the...
The present study was conducted to examine the dynamics of the extractable and bound residues and the mineralization rate of 14 C-metsulfuron-methyl in six Chinese paddy soils held at 20, 40, and 50% water-holding capacity (WHC) and 35 °C for 84 days. The results showed that extractable residues were higher, but bound residues and mineralization rates of 14 C-metsulfuron-methyl were...
The knowledge of the near-surface soil moisture spatio-temporal pattern is an important issue for hydrological and climatic studies. Because of its high spatial and temporal variability, soil moisture monitoring scheme was investigated in view of its application in rainfall–runoff modelling. To this end, through a portable Time Domain Reflectometer, 35 measurement campaigns were carried out at three...
Management of a black oat (Avena strigosa [Schreb.]) cover crop by mowing method (none, flail mowing, or sickle bar mowing) affected soil micro environmental conditions and soil microbial and chemical properties. Soil temperatures at depths of 0, 5, 10 and 20 cm were highest in flail mowed treatment plots (up to near 45 °C at 5 cm depth), followed by sickle bar mowed plots (averaging 10 °C lower at...
Soil organic carbon (SOC) pools and turnover time are highly sensitive to site variables and land-use change. In order to ascertain mass distributions of different SOC pools influenced by land use and evaluate their relationships with carbon mineralization and different soil properties, a 62-day laboratory incubation under a range of moisture (20 to 100% of water-holding capacity) and temperature...
To understand the effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration in an intensively cultivated fluvo-aquic loamy soil, a field experiment was conducted in the Fengqiu State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Station, Henan province, China. The experiment consisted of five treatments: unplanted and N-unfertilized soil (CK0), unplanted soil treated with 150kg Nha −1 (CKNL), maize (Zea mays...
A dried soil layer (DSL) is generally formed in the soil profile at a particular depth owing to serious soil desiccation in water-limited ecosystems. The occurrence of DSLs potentially limits the development and sustainability of the ecological environment on the Loess Plateau of China. There is a need to address the spatial variations in DSL thickness (DSLT) and the DSL depth of formation (DSLFD)...
Accurate measurement of soil moisture (θ), bulk electrical conductivity (σ b ), and porewater electrical conductivity (σ w ) in the vadose zone is critical for a wide range of environmental monitoring applications. The use of combined dielectric probes allows for the automated collection of high-resolution, long-term data, however variation in probe response to different soil types...
Full-waveform inversions were applied to retrieve surface, two-layered and continuous soil moisture profiles from ground penetrating radar (GPR) data acquired in an 11-ha agricultural field situated in the loess belt area in central Belgium. The radar system consisted of a vector network analyzer combined with an off-ground horn antenna operating in the frequency range 200–2000MHz. The GPR system...
Soil and topography are widely recognized as important controls of soil moisture variation. Soil moisture distribution in a landscape has often been conceptualized as being controlled predominantly by soil properties during dry periods, and by topography during wet periods. However, this conceptualization does not explicitly consider plant growth, spatial scale, and soil depth. We investigated the...
Soil organic matter is the most important reservoir of terrestrial organic C and minor changes in the balance may have a significant impact on the climate. However, the response of microbial decomposers of soil C to global changes is not fully apprehended. This is particularly the case with regard to the interactive effects of the various climatic changes. Here, we present data from the Giessen Free...
Soil moisture is an intrinsic state variable that varies considerably in space and time. From a hydrologic viewpoint, soil moisture controls runoff, infiltration, storage and drainage. Soil moisture determines the partitioning of the incoming radiation between latent and sensible heat fluxes. Although soil moisture may be highly variable in space and time, if measurements of soil moisture at the field...
The increasing frequency of periodic droughts followed by heavy rainfalls is expected for this current century, but little is known about the effects of wetting intensity on the in situ biogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes of forest soils and soil microbial biomass. To gain new insights into the underlying mechanisms responsible for wetting-induced GHG fluxes in situ, rain simulation field experiments...
Soil salinization is an important desertification process that threatens the stability of ecosystems, especially in arid lands. Quantifying and mapping soil salinity to monitor soil salinization is difficult because of its large spatial and temporal variability. There has been a growing interest in the use of hyperspectral reflectance as a rapid and inexpensive tool for soil salinity characterization...
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