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The understanding and quantification of groundwater recharge in semi-arid areas are fundamental to sound management of water resources in such areas. A soil water balance model, if designed to adequately represent the physical processes involved, and if carried out with a short enough (daily) time step, can provide realistic estimates of deep drainage (potential recharge) over long periods.We describe...
Soils vary in their non-exchangeable potassium (K + ) content and their ability to supply K + to crops. The rate of non-exchangeable K + release from soils can significantly influence K + fertility of soils. The objective of this study was to determine the degree of spatial variability of K + release in a calcareous irrigated field in Hamadan, western Iran....
Studies of organic–mineral interactions in soils often include physical fractionation according to particle size and density to separate organic debris and mineral-associated matter. For density fractions, it has been noticed that Fe hydrous compounds, although having a high absolute density, can be found in fractions supposed to contain only compounds of lower density. Probable reasons are incomplete...
Increased soil loss and redistribution are commonly associated with changes in soil structure, yet variability in soil structure in arid ecosystems has been little studied. Soil aggregate stability is a key indicator of soil structure and is correlated with erodibility and water infiltration capacity. In 2000, we compared soil aggregate stability of a complex of Simona (Loamy, mixed, thermic, shallow...
Water repellency properties of individual soil aggregates offer increased reduction of carbon (C) mineralization within soils. These studies explore the spatial distributions of C and groupings of C–H and CO compounds at multiple soil depths, on surfaces and within multiple sized soil aggregates. Measurements were conducted on soil aggregates, sampled from three horizons in a silty loam Anthrosol...
Geostatistical estimation and simulation techniques are useful for characterizing the spatial distribution of soil properties. These techniques usually rely on a variogram model that measures the spatial variability of the property under study. However, uneven sampling designs often make the traditional sample variogram lose accuracy and tend to mask the spatial structure. In this paper, a methodology...
Fipronil, (±)-5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-4-[(trifluoro-methyl) sulfinyl] pyrazole-3-carbonitrile, has been applied to sugar cane plantations at stand establishment in Brazil for the past 7 years. However, there is a lack of information on fipronil dynamics in humid tropical soils, particularly its behavior at the soil–solution interface. The objectives of this study were to determine...
The possibility to foster toxic metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) fixation on Fe (hydr)oxides, either native or added as ameliorants, was investigated at the laboratory scale in two heavily polluted arable and grassland soils by inducing repeated cycles of the reduction and oxidation. Soil samples were treated with Fe-rich waste (FeW) alone or together with fresh organic waste (OW) to accelerate reduction...
Glyphosate ([N-phosphonomethyl] glycine) is a non-selective herbicide increasingly used in agricultural and forested lands worldwide since the 1990s. Glyphosate has limited mobility in soils due to its strong adsorption, but residues of its primary metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) have been found in shallow aquifers in the Netherlands. In this laboratory study, batch and column experiments...
The research was conducted in Israel, at three sites located along a north–south axis, characterized by increasing annual rainfall, from 310 mm at site LAV in the south through 600 mm at site MAT, to 800 mm at site EIN in the north. Soil samples were collected in summer, winter and spring over a 2-year period (September 2001–April 2003) from two layers (0–2 cm and 5–10 cm) in three dominant microenvironments...
To measure the energy abrasion rates in inter-particle collisions, we bombarded 12 soil samples from five textural classes (sandy loam, silty loam, loam, silty clay loam, and silty clay) with 350 μm diameter glass beads falling freely from heights of 5 to 100 cm. The results indicated that brittle cracking plays a major role in the erosion of brittle soil surfaces during bombardment with impacting...
Modelling can be valuable in evaluating potential risks that heavy metals may pose to the environment, e.g. groundwater pollution, but there is no general agreement about the usefulness and limitations of different sorption approaches. Our objective was to test and compare different empirical and mechanistic models with respect to their suitability to describe and predict the transport of heavy metals...
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in ecosystem processes such as nutrient release and utilization, mobilization and transport of metals, and carbon sequestration. We investigated the chemical properties of soils from the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM) which is the site of a long-term paired-watershed experimental acidification study that includes both deciduous and coniferous...
Use of treated wastewater (TWW) for irrigation of semiarid and arid soils may lead to degradation of soil hydraulic properties, the magnitude of which may depend on the type of the irrigation system. Most studies evaluated the impact of irrigation with TWW on soil hydraulic conductivity (HC) using repacked samples, which do not necessarily represent soil field conditions. Our objectives were to (i)...
Based on previous preliminary survey results, elevated heavy metal concentrations of the agricultural soils of the villages of the Kremikovtzi region east of the Bulgarian capital Sofia were attributed to pollution from dusts emitted by the iron smelter in the centre of the region. Additional sampling in a test area indicated that high metal concentrations in this area could also be of geogenic origin...
The issue of sustainable soil K management has partly been ignored during the last decades when the potential environmental impact from agricultural use of nitrogen and phosphorus has been considered a more important problem. It has become evident that mixed systems, especially under organic farming practices, commonly suffer from negative K field balances, which may deplete the soil in exchangeable...
Preparing large-scale soil maps, with adequate accuracy, is costly and time consuming. The low homogeneity of soil mapping units in small-scale maps limits their use for detailed planning. These limitations call for alternative approaches to support the land use planning processes. Recently, models that utilize terrain attributes derived from digital elevation models (DEM) are used to predict soil...
A shortage of information on the percentage of organic carbon in soil, especially for soils in lower horizons, makes calculation of soil profile carbon storage difficult at regional and national scales. Previous studies paid little attention to how spatial information, such as soil layer position in the soil profile, soil parent material, and type of soil horizon, could best be taken into account...
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