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Structuring soils on a landscape level of scale is a necessary prerequisite for an extrapolation of point results to greater areas (upscaling), not only in soil genetic research but also for ecological purposes. In this respect the catena concept provides a very useful paradigm to decipher soil pattern and related regular trends in soil chemical properties on the landscape scale. Using this approach...
Radiocarbon dates of paleosols in northeastern Colorado indicate distinct periods of stability and soil formation with intervening periods of instability resulting in soil truncation or burial. A combination of pedologic and geomorphic indicators were used to resolve the duration of, and prevailing climate during, these periods. Five sites, each having a paleosol, were examined using both traditional...
Nitrogen (N) deficiency is a major constraint to rice production in West Africa. Little information is available on the N supplying capacity of soils used for wetland rice production in West Africa. Potentially mineralizable N, as a measure of N supplying capacity, was determined employing an anaerobic incubation test in 15 diverse soils from 5 major rice producing countries in the sub region. ...
Runoff measurements from artificially levelled land showed that rates of particle erosion to the drainage system was even higher than that from surface runoff. This effect was increased by tillage whilst no tillage reduced the losses significantly. The field site soil type was a silty clay loam. Artificial levelling at the site had exposed an unstable subsoil, susceptible to cracking. Soil structures...
In the eastern Amazon basin, four neighbouring clayey Oxisols with similar particle-size distributions were selected, one under rain forest and three under pasture for 7, 12 and 17 years, respectively. These soils were sampled at depth intervals of 0.1 m down to 1 m. Although no clear effect of pasture establishment on aggregate stability was assessed, significant negative effects of cattle trampling...
Rates of soil development (determined from the slopes of chronofunctions of soil development indices) of a post-incisive chronosequence that formed on a sequence of outwash terraces 9ages 5 ka to 1.8 Ma) in the Ljubljana Basin decrease with time (i.e., soil development increases with the logarithm or power of soil age). The development of soil properties can be affected by soil forming factors other...
Slash-and-burn rice production systems in northern Laos are undergoing dramatic changes. Increased population pressure and regulations limiting access to land have resulted in shorter fallow periods. Limited information is available on nutrient dynamics in slash-and-burn systems of Southeast Asia in general and particularly on effects of reduced fallow length. Crop and fallow effects on soil parameters...
Eighteen important Quaternary loess paleosoil sites have been studied across the European loess belt. They included approximately 50 buried soils, the over and/or underlying loess and the present-day surface soils (where possible). From the numerous types of secondary CaCO 3 accumulations recognized, only the small scale accumulations are discussed in this paper, including calcified root...
A soil contaminated with copper, chromium and arsenic from an industrial site was characterized with respect to heavy metal (Cu, Cr) and metalloid (As) total content, and for metal speciation by sequential chemical extraction. The contaminated soil contained a negligible proportion of Cu, As and Cr in the soluble and exchangeable phase, these elements being associated primarily with amorphous-crystalline...
Soil samples were collected from the surface mineral horizon (Ah horizon) of four adjacent soils (sites I, II, III, IV) and one remote soil (site V) derived from volcanic ash in Japan. The four adjacent sites were managed as Miscanthus sinensis grassland for several hundred years by the use of annual burning to prevent the regrowth of native forest species. At site I, annual burning was still being...
In southwest Rwanda, upland forest soils developed on quartzites and micaceous sandstones along steep slopes have sometimes the macromorphological look of true Podzols. An investigation of the micromorphological, mineralogical and chemical properties, however, reveals only weak indications of illuviation of amorphous organic complexes. This process of cheluviation seems to be secondary relative...
Soil samples from the surface mineral horizons (Ah) of two adjacent sites (sites I and III) and one remote site (site V), derived from volcanic ash in Japan, were collected and separated into fractions with densities < 1.0 free, < 1.6 free, < 1.6 occluded, 1.6-1.8, 1.8-2.0 and > 2.0 Mg m -3 . The terms free and occluded were used to indicate density fractions in which organic...
Whole soils from nine different Podzol B-horizons were analysed by wet-chemistry, solid-state cross-polarization/magic-angle spinning (CPMAS) 13 C-NMR spectroscopy and pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS). The wet-chemical analyses referred to site-specific contents of polysaccharides, lipids, lignins, fulvic acids, humic acids and humins in the organic matter of each...
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