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This paper compares the mineralogical and chemical composition, morphology and strength of co-existing matrix, mottles, weak glaebules and strong dense glaebules in some soils from south-western Australia. The mineralogy and morphology of mottles and weak glaebules are very similar to soil matrix, whereas most dense glaebules differ substantially from the soil matrix. These dense glaebules are very...
After the 1995 flooding of the rivers Meuse, Rhine and Waal in the Netherlands, a survey was carried out in which samples were taken of deposited river silt and underlying topsoils from 16 sites in the three river regions. The aim of the survey was to gain an insight into the possible effects of deposited metals on general topsoil quality. Neutron activation analysis was used to determine concentrations...
Ca fertilizers may be used as tools to improve the chemical status of acidic, base poor forest soils. The downward movement of ions after addition of CaCO 3 , CaCO 3 + MgO, and CaS0 4 · 2H 2 O was studied by monitoring the leachate composition from three types of columns — A1/B, mull/A1/B and moder/A1/B — reconstructed from an acid brown forest soil profile. The fertilizers...
The sulfur isotope composition (δ 34 S) of available su lfate was measured for 44 soils developed on volcanic ashes and basaltic terrains in Japan, Hawaii, Australia, New Zealand, Brazil and Chile. Native soil sulfates are a mixture of seaspray (δ34S = +20‰) and anthropogenic (around + 5‰ on average) sulfates. The isotopic values are generally higher in areas of the Southern Hemisphere than...
Aggregates of the EA horizon, the Bhs and the Bs horizons of an Alpine Podzol were separated into core and surface fractions. In the air-dried aggregate fractions CEC, C org , 7 fractions of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn using a sequential extraction procedure, and PAHs were determined. Cation exchange capacity, C org and PAHs were determined in homogenized bulk soil samples,...
A toposequence of soils with columnar structure in the Paricarana catchment (Roraima State, north Amazonia) was studied. The soils occur within the driest part of tropical Amazonia. The two soils in the lower positions are magnesic, as well as sodic, displaying columnar structural peds. The upper slope position is calcium-saturated, associated with dry forest, whilst the the Mg/Na affected soils are...
Soil development on steep mountainous topography generally leads to thin and undifferentiated pedons. On talus slopes of the Buckskin Mountains, a fault-blocked range of west-central Nevada, USA, thick, differentiated pedons occur. Talus occurs on the western front where block rotation has formed very steep slopes and consists of angular dacite cobbles and boulders. The study area is arid, averaging...
The depth to permafrost, thickness of the surface organic layer, and strength of redoximorphic features are closely correlated in soils on low-relief bedrock hills and colluvial slopes near Hughes, Alaska. Soils can be arrayed along a morphological gradient from warm-dry-mineral to cold-wet-organic, and the ranks of soils along this gradient correlate with topographic parameters and mineral soil texture...
The World Inventory of Soil Emission Potentials (WISE) database is used to compile a standardized and spatially explicit data set of soil water retention properties. WISE holds 4353 globally distributed profiles considered to be representative of the soil units shown on a 1/2° latitude by 1/2° longitude version of the corrected and digitized 1:5 M FAO-Unesco Soil Map of the World. Pedotransfer functions...
Surface cracks develop in many clay soils as they dry. Since they are difficult to adequately sample in most volumetric samples, it is useful to measure them so that volumetric measurements of water content, for example, can be corrected. A method for measuring cracks in soils is described. A transect consisting of six linked semi-circles, each of 1 m diameter, is used to count intercepts with...
Although phosphorus is often assumed to be relatively immobile in soils, significant redistribution occurs during pedogenesis. We quantified P redistribution as a result of 13,000 yr of pedogenesis in soil profiles along an environmental gradient of increasing moisture availability and along toposequences in the Brown and Dark Brown Chernozemic, and Gray Luvisolic soil zones of Saskatchewan. Soil...
Quantitative statements about soil development on a landscape level of scale are difficult to work out, especially in soils of stratified sediments. This article presents an easily applicable method to infer gains and losses of Fe, Mn and P in soilscapes developed on sedimentary rocks. For this an element: clay-ratio was introduced: The amounts of pedogenic (= CBD) Fe, Mn and total P (in kg) were...
The particles moving in suspension through the soil can carry heavy metals with them. We have studied over two years the movement of Cu, Cd, Zn, Al, Fe, Ca, K, Mg, Na and Mn in this way with small open tension-free lysimeters installed in a Podzosol (French classification). Soil solutions were filtered through 0.45 μm membranes and analysed for the composition of the soluble fraction. The membranes...
Soil is a complex organo-mineral association capable of sustaining all the terrestrial ecosystems on earth. It is a fundamental part of the environment upon which human beings and most other life forms depend, but despite this, soil is a grossly undervalued component of the natural world. Concerned by the lack of impact soil science has had, a group of soil scientists at a meeting in Rennes, concluded...
Soils on Seward Peninsula, northwest Alaska, that were buried about 17,500 years ago and froze after burial present a unique opportunity to study soil development under the conditions of the last glacial maximum. Stratigraphic sections were excavated during the summers of 1993 and 1994. Study sites were located on steep banks of thaw lakes. We described soil morphology (including cryogenic features)...
Sixteen pedons developed in various parent materials in Kentucky were studied in order to quantify fragipan strength and expression. The contribution to soil strength by clay, bulk density and amorphous or poorly crystalline chemical constituents in the soil fraction were also examined. The triple beam balance apparatus was successfully used to calculate strength of undisturbed, moist clods. Most...
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