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Soil CO 2 efflux was measured with a closed chamber system along a 180m transect on a bare soil field characterized by a gentle slope and a gradient in soil properties at 28days within a year. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract the most important patterns (empirical orthogonal functions, EOFs) of the underlying spatiotemporal variability in CO 2 efflux. These patterns...
The impact of ceasing biannual burning on the composition and the amount of soil organic matter (SOM) in grassland soils from Southern Brazil was studied by means of solid-state 13 C and 15 N NMR spectroscopy using soil duplicates of fields without 1, 2, 5 and 22years of burning. The examination of the duplicates demonstrated good reproducibility. Demineralization of the soil with...
A methodology is suggested to measure the aperture and estimate the hydraulic properties of desiccation and tectonic fractures in heterogeneous soils. The aperture of desiccation fractures is quantified by the fluctuating distance between two opposite faces and is modelled as a network of parallel plates of variable opening. The aperture of tectonic fractures is modeled as a 2-dimensional network...
Since the advent of 16S rRNA gene-based molecular analysis, an increasing amount of work has been conducted on the Antarctic soil bacterial community. The majority of such studies suggest that the Antarctic soil environment may harbour a greater diversity of bacteria than was previously thought, and indeed that a proportion of the bacterial species found might be unique to the Antarctic. However,...
Potential water repellency (PWR) is a common index to indicate the degree to which soils repel water. Soil organic matter (SOM) is a requisite substance for the water repellency but many studies have shown that SOM content alone could not fully account for the observed variation in PWR. We investigated potential factors responsible for PWR of soils in a tropical forest in East Kalimantan, Indonesia...
Atmospheric concentrations of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) have been increasing over the last century with much of this increase from agricultural soils, fertilized with nitrogen. To understand the N 2 O emissions from terrestrial ecosystems (e.g. grassland soils) it is necessary to understand the processes leading to N 2 O production. From February to August in 2010, we conducted...
There is a high spatial variation in N 2 O emission from agricultural fields and N 2 O emissions from fields cultivated with stalk-crops was generally measured in the interrow area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in seasonal N 2 O emissions between interrow soil and interrow+row soil, and to understand the effect of different fertilizers on N 2 ...
Previous work at the Hallamish dunefield in the western Negev Desert defined and mapped 5 mature types of microbiotic crusts (MCs). Crust definition and sampling were based on 4×4m pixels. Yet within these pixels, microhabitats with different crust types could be noted. This was also the case within crust type A that extends over the south-facing slope and the sandy interdune. There, close examination...
Thirty very deep aquic spodosols in swales of the Bassendean Dune System, Western Australia were investigated for their potential to acidify due to their contents of acid-forming sulphur minerals. Pyrite commonly occurs in B, Bh, C and sometimes A and E horizons of these soils. Two morphologies of pyrite are present: single crystals of pyrite are euhedral cubic or octahedral (≤1μm) and framboidal...
X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning technology has, in recent decades, been shown to be a very powerful technique to visualize and quantify soil structure. The objective of this project was to quantify soil pore characteristics, on undisturbed field moist soil, using a high resolution X-ray CT scanner and link then these results to soil friability assessed using the drop shatter method. Minimally...
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