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The influence of texture, bulk density, and organic matter content on the process of nitrate vertical transport in the three main paddy soils (Bai soil, Huangni soil and Wushan soil) of the Tai Lake region were studied in the soil columns. Breakthrough curves (BTC) were obtained separately for each of thirteen horizons. The results were as follows: vertical transport velocity of nitrate decreased,...
The dissolution kinetics of a trioctahedral vermiculite was studied in hydrochloric acid solution within the pH range 2 to 6.5 at 22°C (room temperature). Powdered samples dominated by particles of about 5μm size were reacted in dialysis reactors operating as open systems. High initial cation release rates reflect both rapid selective leaching of the exchangeable cations and fast dissolution of 2:1...
Part of the soils occurring in the serpentinite Szklary Massif (SW Poland) have developed in Quaternary under temperate climate on the parent rock not affected by chemical weathering. In studied parent ultrabasite, Ni occurs in Cr-magnetite (up to 0.96 wt.% of NiO), forsterite (up to 0.55 wt.% of NiO), iddingsite (up to 0.99 wt.% of NiO), and serpentine (up to 0.55 wt.% of NiO), while Cr is bounded...
A common approach for the quantification of Black Carbon (BC) in soils and sediments represents the chemical oxidation with acid potassium dichromate. Because this method is still associated with some uncertainties, its applicability for the detection of BC produced during vegetation fires was examined by analyzing fire-affected and unaffected soil organic matter, including fresh and charred plant...
Soil and rock material was sampled from three soil profiles developed on the host rocks of Alnö Island, the migmatitic gneisses (profiles G2, G4 and G5) and three profiles with alkaline or carbonatitic parent material (A1, A3 and A6) to examine the differences in pedogenesis of soils on the two very different parent materials and the influence of parent material on pedogenetical processes. All soil...
The Mississippi River Delta (U.S.A.) is the major agricultural and aquacultural base where many crops and fishes are sensitive to micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn). Zinc is a common yield-limiting factor for rice and was reported to increase rice yields grown on some Delta soils. Soil/sediments in fish ponds of the Delta are drained and disposed for improving the conditions of bottoms. Bioavailability of...
Photosynthetically fixed CO 2 is converted into terrestrial bio(macro)molecules and sequestered as soil organic matter (SOM) by (bio)chemical and physical stabilization processes. SOM is generally divided in arbitrary pools for modeling SOM dynamics. Biochemically recalcitrant SOM fractions are enriched with alkyl carbon (C) structures and resist decomposition due to intrinsic molecular properties...
In this study we compared the efficiency of different amendments, notably red mud (a bauxite residue), natural zeolite and lime, to immobilize the heavy metals present in a polluted acidic soil [Pb (3266 mg kg −1 d.m.), Cd (35.4 mg kg −1 d.m.) and Zn (1495 mg kg −1 d.m.)] and to influence several microbiological properties. The addition of all the amendments decreased significantly...
Volcano flanks are usually covered by deposits of fine materials (tephra) with variable thickness originated by the explosive activity. The deposits form bedded sequences of tephra layers often alternated with paleosols. Pyroclastic successions on Etna volcano (Italy) are composed of scoria or pumice lapilli and ash deposits, representing separate eruptions, and volcanogenic sediments developed between...
The effects of soil microbial communities upon hydrological processes in relation to water holding capacity, run-off and percolation were assessed using sterile and non-sterile microcosms subjected to simulated rainfall. The treatments comprised a non-sterile field soil, soil sterilised by gamma-irradiation and sterile soil re-inoculated with field soil. Microbial biomass C was determined by chloroform...
Hedgerow network landscapes or “bocages” are present throughout a large part of Western Europe [Baudry, J., Bunce, R.G.H. et al., 2000. Hedgerows: an international perspective on their origin, function and management. Journal of Environmental Management 60 (1), 7–22.]. These manmade landscapes are typically comprised of fields separated by boundaries, often marked by perennial vegetation (hedges or...
The relative influence of biological and mechanical processes on the structure of cultivated soils was estimated by investigating the macroporosity of the surface layers of a silty soil during a maize growing season. The soil was subjected to different cultivation techniques (conventional tillage, moderate tillage, and no tillage) and fertilization modes (mineral or organic) for five years. A typological...
The potential of continuous-flow leaching in rotating coiled columns (RCC) for studies on elements association and binding in soils has been evaluated. Soddy–podzolic, anthropogenic transformed urbo soils and floodplain soils were under study. A particulate solid sample (about 0.5 g) was retained in a PTFE rotating column as the stationary phase whereas different aqueous eluents were continuously...
Effective soil phosphorus (P) management from both environmental and agronomic point of view requires the knowledge of P forms determining its availability. This study examined the inorganic P forms of representative Egyptian soils and investigated their relationship to other soil properties. In twenty-two samples of Entisols and Aridisols collected from different geological deposits (fluvial, lacustrine,...
Soil testate amoebae are cosmopolitan and abundant protozoa, and accumulate silica for reproduction. Their effect on the terrestrial silica cycle, however, has not been quantitatively determined. We found that testate amoebae consumed 55% of silica absorbed by microbes in the incubation experiment. We estimated amoeban biosilica using our present data and published data. Although biosilica preserved...
Soils from ten grassland sites and one forest site in western Ireland were sampled monthly for 12–17 months. Moist, composite samples were analysed for labile phosphorus (P) fractions extractable with the Olsen’s reagent and water (P w ). Molybdate analysis before and after extractant digestion was used to define inorganic and organic P fractions: Olsen P and Olsen molydate unreactive P (MUP);...
Solid-phase analysis was undertaken to obtain information on the effects of bioturbation (activity of plants and macrofauna) on the distribution of different forms of iron and sulfur in a mangrove ecosystem in Brazil. A seasonal study involving four compartments from a mangrove forest (UN: an unvegetated mudflat; SP: a low intertidal zone colonized by Spartina alterniflora; RH: monospecific forest...
Vertisols occurring in the Coastal Prairie of Texas preserve distinctive patterns of carbon isotopic values with depth for both soil organic matter as well as pedogenic carbonate. These isotopic values may be used to reconstruct past climate and ecosystems (C3 versus C4 vegetation). Some soils contain large carbonate nodules (>2 cm diameter) that exhibit δ 13 C isotopic gradients of up...
A Andisol humic acid (HA) was fractioned by preparative size exclusion chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of denaturising agent (SEC-PAGE setup). Three fractions exhibiting high, medium and low molecular size (MS) and showing well-defined and distinct electrophoretic mobility were obtained. These fractions were analysed by UV–visible, FTIR and 3-D fluorescence spectroscopies...
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