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In the tropical and southern subtropic granite areas of South China, a special kind of small-scale erosional landform is widely distributed, called benggang by the local people. Many natural factors are responsible for the development of benggang, such as lithology, precipitation, relief, vegetation etc., which are discussed in detail in this paper. Study shows that the development of benggangs...
Sedimentological characteristics of aeolian soil parent materials in the Rio Sauce Grande basin, southern Buenos Aires province, were analysed using grain-size distributions, transport mechanisms, dynamics of the sedimentary process and the nature of calcareous layers. Samples were collected from C horizon of 13 profiles distributed over all the piedmont areas and plains. Calcium carbonate in these...
Steady-state flows occur in a variety of geophysical processes. Their mathematical treatment is usually based on either the dynamic-wave equations or their approximations--kinematic wave and diffusion wave. Errors of these approximations were derived for steady-state cases of overland flow under the zero depth-gradient at the downstream boundary condition. Although both the diffusion-wave and the...
In view of the unique biological characteristics of mangroves, it is interesting to assess the extent to which these ecosystems can be used as indicators of coastal change or sea-level rise. From recent studies of mangrove mortality at several locations (including Guiana, Gambia, Cote d'Ivoire, Kenya, India and Bangladesh), it appears that these coastal ecosystems are so specialized that any minor...
Trenches excavated across fault scarps on a 13 ka delta surface at Brigham City, Utah, USA, document four types of soil-catena phenomena. First, the relict summit soil is eroded at the scarp crest, and its components incorporated into the accumulating colluvial wedge at the scarp base. Second, the pre-faulting soil weakens laterally as it is traced scarpward beneath the colluvial wedge from a relict...
The erosion rates in the Vallcebre basin (Pyrenees) are controlled predominantly by the physical weathering rate of bare regolith, i.e. mudrocks. To obtain information on the influence of thermic and moisture regimes on the weathering dynamics, laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate how freezing-thawing or wetting-drying cycles, under controlled conditions, affect structure and porosity...
The understanding of fundamental properties of and processes in soils has both agricultural and environmental benefits. Fundamental understanding of soil biology, chemistry, pedology, and physics can be applied to problems of production, environment, and environmental problems caused by production. Although most frequently thought of as agricultural scientists, soil scientists have many roles in...
The development of distributed modelling technology has been hampered by incomplete understanding of spatially-variable processes and the lack of adequate data to characterize spatially varying inputs and state variables. This seems to be particularly true with respect to rainfall fields. This paper examines the effect of uncertainty in spatial estimates of rainfall on predictions of runoff volume,...
The following patterning of the ground surface was observed in the Bellsund region: sorted circles, mud boils, cell forms, solifluction (striped) forms and large polygons (tundra polygons). The soils associated with these forms often have different morphological, granulometric and chemical properties and plant covers.Tundra polygons and surfaces without relief are usually accompanied by relatively...
A series of vertical alluvial profiles from the upper River Severn floodplain at Welshpool ranging in age from Late Pleistocene to the present have been examined for their Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ba and Pb concentrations. The floodplain deposits have been variably contaminated with heavy metals following extensive metalliferous mining in the upper catchment during the mid-19th century. The data are used...
On the alluvial fan of Nahal Shehoret in the extremely arid region of the Negev desert, Israel, Reg soils developed on stable alluvial surfaces in colluvium along terrace risers and in colluvial units on a complex fault scarp were compared. The degree of soil profile development provided an age estimate of the surface that was faulted, a maximum age estimate of the scarp or terrace riser, and an...
Along a 300 km transect in northern Wisconsin and the upper peninsula of Michigan, the areal coverage of Spodosols and spodic horizon development increases markedly from south to north. This study elucidated those aspects of climate that promote podzolization in this region, through an examination of the geographic correspondences between Spodosol development and soil climate. Climatic data (1951-1991)...
The variation in water content of grass-covered peaty clay and clayey peat soils was studied at six sites in the Netherlands. The topsoils were water repellent during dry spells. When the topsoils were dry, they could only absorb water with difficulty, which is illustrated by wetting rate measurements. Precipitation could flow rapidly through shrinkage cracks towards the subsoil, bypassing the...
Given the amount and variation of stones and boulders in forest soils, it is remarkable that little attention has been paid to this property in the analysis and modelling of soil processes. This study aims (a) to investigate the stoniness (relative volume of stones and boulders) of representative forest soils in central Sweden, (b) to evaluate the possibilities to predict soil stoniness with non-destructive...
Preserved organic matter and miospores from buried Middle Devonian (Givetian), cumulate, hydromorphic, floodplain paleosols in a fluvio-deltaic setting reflect the intensity of pedogenic processes as indicated by pedologic evidence. Amorphous organic material, fungal clusters, cuticle and miospores were examined in the paleosols and compared with organic matter in unweathered parent material. The...
Vertisols formed on different parent materials from Turkey (Aslanpinari and Begdes soil series) and Israel (Akko soil series) were studied for their microstructure. The Aslanpinari and Begdes soils showed similar spheroidal microstructural development in the ABss horizons, whereas the spheres of Akko differed by being smaller and lacking granostriation. Micromorphometric analyses of the three soils...
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