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The effect of rock fragment eccentricity on the deposition of airborne dust was examined in a wind tunnel. Eccentricity was defined as the ratio a/b, where a is the longest and b the intermediate axis of the rock fragments. The effect of eccentricity on the deposition of dust on the pebbles, on the deposition of dust between and underneath the pebbles, and on total dust deposition (pebbles + interpebble...
To interpret climatic signatures from magnetic susceptibility (MS) in the Barton County loess-soil sequence, central Kansas, we tested the influence of particle size and carbonate concentration on magnetic susceptibility. First, sand, silt and clay were separated and MS was then measured on each of the three size fractions. To assess the influence of chemical treatments and carbonate on MS signals,...
Measurement of soil splash erosion on an event-based scale under natural rainfall was carried out on a field plot. Kinetic energy of precipitation was calculated according to a model that incorporates horizontal terminal velocities of raindrops induced by wind speed. A digital raingauge with a high output resolution was used to measure precipitation. Erosivity indexes were worked out based on the...
This study compares the results of a conventional landuse mapping to a Maximum Likelihood classification of Landsat-TM data for a study area of 9 km 2 in the foothill section of the southern Upper Rhine Valley (South West Germany). For this purpose the 40 classes of the satellite-derived classification and the 7 classes of the mapped classification are summarized to the classes vineyard, pasture,...
There is evidence that, between hydrological years 1931/2 and 1990/ 1, rainfall changed in the Algarve. There was an annual rainfall increase (+9%) and a 7% increase in rainfall during the rainy period (October to February). Both trends were statistically confirmed by parametric and nonparametric procedures.Rainfall erosivity and land degradation are related to rainfall regime. The Algarve's rainfall...
Ped shape can influence soil physical properties by determining the morphology of interpedal pores. Monthly variation in soil ped shape was investigated in conjunction with soil physical properties for a pasture soil uncultivated for some years with the intension of identifying whether simple relationships existed between ped shape parameters and physical properties. A brief description of the ped...
A study of the effects of slash-and-burn on two 4 × 20 m plots with 30% slope and initial vegetation cover dominated by Ulex is reported. The plots were prepared, burnt and sown with rye following methods used in the area in the 18th century. Available nutrient contents in the plots, and in sediments removed from the plots by surface runoff, were monitored for nine months after burning. Similar data...
In a study area in Romania covering about 25,000 km 2 over 9000 gullies were mapped and 12 were surveyed in detail. The distribution of gullies indicates that the highest gully density reflects hillslope orientation, inclination and length, and a sandy lithology. The surface deposits of gullies studied vary from silty-clays in the northern half of the territory, to silts in the middle to southern...
Pedogenesis on acid, low-grade metamorphic rocks under well-developed forests was studied in the meso-mediterranean climatic zone. To that purpose three representative soil profiles on phyllite and sandstone under sclerophyllous oak, pine and heathland were selected. The major soil forming processes consisted of transformation of part of the K-mica (muscovite) to (hydroxy-interlayered) vermiculite...
Information on spatial distribution of soil properties in a landscape is not only required for soil mapping and classification but also for soil management. Spatial patterns of soil properties in a landscape are the results of systematic variations in pedogenic processes controlled by environmental factors of which landscape position is important. In northeast Brazil, Lithosols (Ustorthents) whose...
The proposition that pediment slope is related to debris-size is shown to be flawed. This notion was examined on 15 traverses on rock-cut pediments in the southern Hijaz region of western Saudi Arabia. Complete particle size analyses of pedisediments were obtained and the moments used for pair-wise comparisons with down pediment changes in pediment slope. It is shown that simple comparisons of standardised...
Measuring wind erosion is difficult as it requires the coincidence of a rare wind event with soil conditions that allow erosion. The measure must include a scale and an indication of the force of the wind on the ground, usually the dynamic roughness and the Rouse Number. There is not necessarily a distinct ‘threshold velocity’; the relative force of the wind and the ‘fluffiness’ of the soil determine...
Shallow stratigraphic sequences associated with the genesis of acid sulphate soils were examined in a tide-dominated estuarine floodplain, eastern Australia. The results show that the accumulation of pyrite is more significant in the site, compared to the results from the previous studies in a wave-dominated and a fluvial-dominated estuarine plain. This is in agreement with the suggestion of Pons...
Indices and models of diversity have proved to be valuable in ecology. They may be used to explore, quantify and compare the complexity of soil patterns in different areas and environments. The different ways of measuring diversity may be grouped into three classes: indices of richness, abundance distribution models, and indices based on proportional abundance of objects. Four scales of diversity...
On 1 December 1987 a dust storm driven by a strong cold front entrained soil from 100m000 to 200m000 km z of the Simpson Desert, Channel Country and semi-arid woodlands of Western Queensland for eighteen hours. Between 6.3 and 5.5 million t of soil with average particle sizes of 6.75 to 10.5 μm were lost from the dust source, 3.4 to 1.9 million t was lost off the Australian continent, and from this...
This paper presents measurements of soil aggregation parameters and rainfall simulation experiments from areas of Mediterranean scrubland vegetation in La Costera district, in the southern part of Valencia Province, Spain. Data were obtained using a portable rainfall simulator and from laboratory studies of aggregate stability, using the water-drop test and ultrasonic dispersion methods. Three locations...
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