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Forests in the Southern Rockies Ecoregion surround the headwaters of several major rivers in the western and central US. Future climatic changes will increase the incidence of wildfire in those forests, and will likely lead to changes in downstream water quality, including sediment loads. We estimated soil loss under the historic climate and two IPCC climate change emissions scenarios (A2 and B1);...
An experimental approach for estimation of cumulative soil erosion by using magnetism of Chernozem soils is presented. An agricultural land of 4.5ha, utilized for crop production, has been mapped at 10×10m grid interval by using magnetic methods. Field measurements of magnetic susceptibility show high sensitivity to the present soil surface conditions (crop residue cover, soil compaction, sealing)...
The aim of this work is to investigate the consequences of selected soil and water conservation techniques and tillage practices on runoff amounts, sediment yield and maize yields under semi-arid and sub-humid environments. Field trials were set in Kigogo primary school in Meru South Sub-County, Tharaka Nithi County, representing the sub-humid conditions, and Machang'a secondary in Mbeere South Sub-County,...
To assess the usability of satellite rainfall estimates for erosion studies in Cape Verde, the 3B42 and 3B43 products from TRMM, and the Multi-Sensor Precipitation Estimate MPE from Meteosat are compared to daily and monthly ground rainfall measured between 1998 and 2010. TRMM estimates from 1998 and MPE from 2009 were studied and it was found that they detect the general trend and direction of rainy...
The Zohreh River Delta is one of the largest deltaic plains along the northern coast of the Persian Gulf. This delta is located near an international navigation corridor, which is affected by long-term delta progradation. Therefore, the research objectives of this study were to determine the coastal sedimentary processes of the Zohreh River Delta and to detect the evolutionary trend of the deltaic...
Geomorphic changes caused by three debris-flow events in a small mountain catchment (Moscardo Torrent, Eastern Italian Alps) were investigated by means of multitemporal terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) surveys over three areas exposed to debris-flow dynamics. For these areas, DEM of Differences (DoDs) with a 0.2m spatial resolution allowed the assessment of elevation uncertainty as spatially variable...
Cultivation on steep land has long been blamed as a major contributor of water erosion in many fragile regions of the world. Soil and water loss from gentle slopes, however, are always subjectively considered less important and are even neglected in practice. In this study, 21 plots including seven crop-rotation types (CRTs) under three different slight gradients (10°, 15°, 20°), were established...
The prevailing soil group in the Iberian Peninsula is Cambisols, followed by Regosols and Leptosols. In addition, Luvisols, Fluvisols and Calcisols also cover part of this territory. The processes that degrade soil quality need to be continuously addressed, so that policies for protecting the sustainability of land use practices (e.g., agriculture) and reuse of contaminated sites can be improved.To...
Medium-term post-event sediment flux investigations are rare for headwater catchments and particularly sparse for gullied hillslope failures. Repeat field observation, ground photography and cross section measurements of a debris slide scar at the Wet Swine Gill headwater catchment (0.65km 2 ) in the English Lake District (UK), provide evidence of erosion and deposition dynamics over the medium-term...
Rivers are naturally dynamic over time and space and respond to the variability of water and sediment inputs and to anthropogenic pressures that cause changes to the river's behaviour and form. This study describes the evolution of part of the Morava River and the Kenický meander in the Litovelské Pomoraví protected area near the city of Olomouc. The research describes the historical development of...
Agricultural terraces are common in mountain regions. They are built to provide a larger surface area for cultivation on hillslopes and to aid farming production in the long term. This paper reviews the hydrological and geomorphological behaviour of constructing, working on and abandoning farming terraces based on recent scientific papers (1982–2014).Terraces increase infiltration and reduce runoff...
Peat and lake sediments as well as a nearby soil catena were sampled to reconstruct the environmental history of a small infilled lake basin (mire) in the central alpine foreland of Switzerland. Soil evolution is best regarded as discontinuous over time and conceptualised by ‘progressive’ or ‘regressive’ process phases. We analysed the surrounding soils and used corresponding pedosignatures in the...
Eroded sediment is an important feature of permanent gully's development; however, obtaining the specific characteristics of the sediment transport in the gully can be difficult. Thus, a composite fingerprinting technique, incorporating uncertainty analysis, has been employed to investigate the mean relative contribution of sediment sources in permanent gullies. In this study, 31 tracers were measured...
After a forest fire, ash can blanket the soil surface to depths of tens of centimeters. It has been proposed that the incorporation of vegetative ash into hillslope runoff can, by increasing the flow's effective viscosity, reduce the settling velocity of entrained particles and lead to the development of runoff-generated debris flows. To investigate how the addition of this material might affect the...
The effects of rainfall intensity, slope gradient and vegetation cover on the intensity of runoff and rate of soil erosion were examined with simulated rainfall. All five affected soil erosion in experimental soil boxes containing Vitex negundo var. heterophylla (VN), VN with litter (VN-L), Broussonetia papyrifera (BP), BP with litter (BP-L), and a control with bare land (BL). The presence of the...
Fire is an important disturbance agent worldwide and one of the major causes of geomorphological change. Dependent on its characteristics (size, duration, temperature), fire induces changes in soil stability, modifying infiltration and promoting soil erosion. Here, we employ a suite of physical (mineral magnetic, loss-on-ignition), geochemical (XRF derived elemental data), biological (macro-charcoal,...
The aim of this paper is to assess the impacts of projected climate change on a Mediterranean catchment, and to analyze the effects of a suite of representative land use practices as an adaptation tool to reduce climate change-driven erosion and hydrologic extremes. Relevant climatic variables from the ERA-Interim global atmospheric reanalysis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts...
For the successful reclamation of disturbed land, the reduction of initial erosion risk must be balanced with later vegetation establishment. A combination of erosion control and revegetation practices was researched using commercial (full-sized) equipment on a semi-desert grassland site in southern Arizona, USA. Two soils with different parent materials were used to add a 30cm cap on sites at two...
Increasing trends in wildfire activity on semi-arid rangelands necessitate advancement in understanding of fire impacts on vegetation, soils, and runoff and erosion processes. This study used artificially applied rainfall and concentrated overland flow experiments to evaluate the ecohydrologic response and recovery of a semi-arid shrubland in the Great Basin Region, USA, following fire. Rainfall experiments...
Rubber plantations are strongly increasing in Xishuangbanna, Southwest China. Herbicide applications controlling the undergrowth may increase erosion potential and carbon export by decreasing plant and litter cover. Quantitative evaluation of the erodibility of rubber systems and the impact of herbicides has not been studied. This study aimed at assessing the impact of herbicide application on soil...
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