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Sediment transport from agricultural land into rivers and reservoirs is a problem within the Czech Republic. This problem was highly accelerated almost 50 years ago during the communist period. At that time strong collectivization was undertaken leading to destruction of traditional landscape patterns, surface outflow, erosion processes intensification and surface water quality deterioration. Thirteen...
Although some simple erosive processes like soil creep or tillage redistribution may be satisfactorily described by linear diffusive equations, the complexity of erosion phenomena requires the use of more complete nonlinear equations. Roering et al. [Roering, J.J., Kichner, J.W., Dietrich, W.E., 1999. Evidence for nonlinear, diffusive transport on hillslopes and implications for landscape morphology...
A personal account is given of the history of monitoring soil erosion by water in England and Wales from the late 1960s to the present. Prior to the mid-1970s it was not easy to carry out research on water erosion and information was obtained on an ad hoc basis. Since 1982 there have been four major monitoring schemes, three of them national schemes funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, and one scheme...
Reasons for erosion measurements are: (1) to determine the environmental impact of erosion and conservation practices, (2) scientific erosion research; (3) development and evaluation of erosion control technology; (4) development of erosion prediction technology and (5) allocation of conservation resources and development of conservation regulations, policies and programs. A handicap for the control...
The Unit Hydrograph (UH) technique is widely used for runoff estimation, especially for determining peak discharges. In this paper, a geomorphologically based UH has been applied. Its most remarkable characteristic is that it includes the watershed structure in its formulation. This is defined from the drainage network, each subwatershed being considered as a linear reservoir. In this method, the...
In a laboratory rainfall simulator study soil surface roughness was measured using contact (roller chain, pin meter) and noncontact devices (laser scanner, photogrammetry). Soil surfaces with two initial roughness conditions (aggregates <20 mm and <63 mm) were investigated before and after 90 mm of simulated rainfall. Measured plot area was 50 by 55 cm. A comparison of soil roughness measurement...
In this study, three mathematical models for the estimate of sediment yield, due to soil and stream erosion, at the outlet of a basin are presented. Each model consists of three submodels: a rainfall-runoff submodel, a soil erosion submodel and a sediment transport submodel for streams. The rainfall-runoff and the stream sediment transport submodels are identical in the three mathematical models....
Soil losses affect the physical, chemical and biological soil properties and as a consequence reduce soil productivity. Erosion reduces or eliminates root-explorable soil depth and crop available water, selectively decreases the nutrient and organic matter content, and exposes soil layers with unsuitable characteristics for crop growth. Yield is hence assumed to be a function of root growth, which...
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