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Global climate has changed over the past century. Precipitation amounts and intensities are increasing. In this study we investigated the response of seven soil erosion models to a few basic precipitation and vegetation related parameters using common data from one humid and one semi-arid watershed. Perturbations were made to inputs for rainfall intensities and amounts, and to ground surface cover...
Global climate model predictions are often downscaled with stochastic weather generators to produce suitable climate change scenarios for impact analysis. Proportional adjustment to generated daily precipitation and direct adjustment to parameter values for weather generators have been used for assessing the impact of climate change on runoff and soil loss. Little is known of how these parameter values...
The impact of the expected climate change on the frequency and extent of soil erosion processes is hardly assessable so far. This is mainly because available models of climate change reliably produce at best mean daily precipitation data, whereas erosion is the result of extreme but short time rainfall and runoff events, normally lasting no longer than a few hours. The frequency and intensity of these...
The area burned by wildfire in the states of Arizona and New Mexico in the southwestern US has been increasing in recent years. In many cases, high severity burns have caused dramatic increases in runoff and sediment yield from burned watersheds. This paper describes the potential and limitations of the HEC6T sediment transport model to describe changes in channel scour and deposition following the...
Degradation of semiarid and arid rangelands is a major concern and is usually described in terms of soil movement and changing plant communities. The purpose of this paper was to determine the patterns and rates of soil erosion and redistribution from measurement of the distribution of fallout 137 Cesium on the Lucky Hills Watershed, a semiarid rangeland watershed in southeastern Arizona....
Recent experience in distributed modelling has revealed that the performance of process-based erosion and hydrological models are extremely sensitive to parameter estimations and that predictions are often poor. It is also observed that quite different parameter sets may lead to very similar results and that no ‘best’ parameter set can be identified. In this study, we describe a dataset that offers...
This paper describes the results of detailed surveys for the landscape systems (landforms, vegetation, topsoils and snow cover duration) of a nivation hollow in northern Japan and discusses their evolution in the Holocene epoch. The nivation hollow studied consists of three concentric zones whose landscapes and historical development are different. The outermost zone where snow disappears early is...
This study is the first large scale examination of the stratigraphic relationships of acid sulfate soils in Australia. Field and laboratory data from 346 excavated acid sulfate soil profiles for an extensive soil survey undertaken to map their extent were classified into non acid sulfate soil (NASS), potential acid sulfate soil (PASS), and actual acid sulfate soil (AASS) layers, and the elevation...
Both mature and underdeveloped soils are present in tropical mountainous landscapes. The spatial arrangement of mountainous soils is ascribed mainly to geomorphologic processes. We studied two soil toposequences (one on a convex, and the other on a concave slope with a gradient 40–60%) at the coffee-growing farm La Cabaña, situated in the mountains of the Sierra Madre del Sur, southern Mexico. Mature...
The waste products of stone tool making and isolated artifacts found on land surfaces can illuminate aspects of human culture and of landscape evolution even though they lack stratigraphic context. Quartzite artifacts and debris occurring on pediments near Pinedale (Wyoming) include cobbles from which multiple flakes have been removed by percussion. Some of the specimens have been polished and abraded...
An experiment has been carried out in order to both measure the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of a soil crust when it is developing and to characterize its macro- and microstructural evolution. Five stages of a structural crust developing in a loamy clay soil have been identified. Mercury intrusion experiments and micromorphological descriptions have provided information on the structural evolution...
A simplified theoretical model of storm runoff has been combined with analysis of rainfall records to improve understanding of dryland runoff processes in the Guadalentin catchment of SE Spain, and in particular the decrease in runoff fraction with increasing slope length or catchment area.Estimates of storm runoff volumes can be made using a simple runoff threshold, SCS Curve Numbers, or infiltration...
This paper gives a brief synthesis of the information obtainable from remote-sensing data and how it can be related to two significant functions of catchment hydrology, namely, the processes of production and transfer. After presenting examples of the type of information that can be derived from remote sensing (characterisation of soil surface by different wavelengths, temporal changes of surface...
Spatially distributed hydrological modelling is required to understand and predict erosion, flooding and pollution risks that affect the vine cultivated Mediterranean environment. Previous field studies have demonstrated the dominant influence of soil surface features on overland flow and they therefore constitute an essential input to the hydrological model. In this paper we propose a remote sensing...
Surface depression storage is an important factor in preventing runoff and erosion in agricultural fields. Furthermore it is a highly dynamic property throughout the growing season. Maximum depression storage (MDS) is generally estimated from roughness indices derived from 2D transects, but these MDS estimations have a high uncertainty. The most reliable way of estimating MDS is by simulating the...
Extensive soil surface observations and measurements were conducted in Normandy on loess soils prone to surface crusting in order to understand the spatial distribution and temporal variability of soil surface characteristics involved in erosion processes. A database composed of more than 5000 soil surface observations at the field or plot scale was analysed. We classified these observations according...
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