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Proxy flood records from sediment stacks in floodplain palaeochannels provide an opportunity to extend short instrumental records and thus improve current estimates of flood risk. The ‘Bloody Inches’ (a meander cutoff on the lower River Tay, Scotland) has been infilling with flood deposits since c. 1761. Agricultural flood embankments locally breach with flows >850 m 3 s −1 (introducing...
This paper reviews recent changes in river management. These changes are characterised by a move from the notion of rivers as stable equilibrium forms to one of dynamic responsive ecosystems. Coupled to these changes are a series of scientific questions that provide the context for reviewing the role that palaeohydrology might have in supporting contemporary and future river management. Palaeohydrology...
The RheinLUCIF project investigates the effects of land use and climatic impacts on sediment fluxes in the river Rhine catchment. Among the world's large rivers the Rhine system has been particularly affected by land use changes for 7500 years, resulting in its transformation to an entirely man-controlled environment. Geomorphologically this transformation is performed by largely man-induced sediment...
Qualitative analysis of hillslope-channel coupling conditions suggests that the internal configuration of a catchment has a strong influence on the transfer of water and sediment through the fluvial system. Consequently, similar climatic inputs into catchments with otherwise similar characteristics can result in very divergent responses. A cellular modelling approach has been used to evaluate the...
The spatial and temporal dynamics of stream net density (SND) within the Central and Southern parts of the Russian Plain during the last two centuries are studied by comparison of historical cartographic sources. A significant decrease of SND is observed in the forest–steppe and steppe zones. The maximum SND decrease is detected at the northern edge of the steppe zone, where SND values in the middle...
A database of 335 radiocarbon dates from Holocene fluvial sediments in Poland has been compiled. Each sample is characterized by 25 parameters. All samples were grouped into one of 7 regions characterized by hydrological regime, and one of 8 depositional environments. Statistical analysis was used to enhance the palaeoenvironmental data and 17 phases may be distinguished, 10 of which have a distinct...
This paper offers an alternative to the use of geomorphological and sedimentological evidence for the reconstruction of flood and low flow frequencies. It is based on a technique developed to estimate the hydrological impact of future climate change and it uses either observed or calculated meteorological parameters. It is possible to use this method directly without modification to ‘hindcast’ events...
Thirteen paleomeanders on the oldest parts of meander belts on floodplains in the Coastal Plain of Georgia and the Carolinas (southeastern USA) were selected for radiocarbon dating to determine the onset of meandering following braiding during the Late Pleistocene during Oxygen Isotope Stage 2. The radiocarbon ages were compared to previously reported Late Pleistocene ages for braid bars and eolian...
A comprehensive database of radiocarbon dated fluvial units in Great Britain, Poland and Spain has been compiled to investigate the relationship between environmental change, flooding and Holocene river dynamics. Following the methodology recently developed by Macklin and Lewin [Macklin, M.G., Lewin, J., 2003. River sediments, great floods and centennial-scale Holocene climate change. Journal of Quaternary...
A database of published and unpublished radiocarbon dates from Late Holocene fluvial environments in Spain was critically analysed in order to obtain a fluvial chronology for this period. The principal types of depositional environment represented in the record were slackwater flood deposits (28 dates), alluvial overbank facies (12 dates) and alluvial channel facies (7 dates). The sedimentary context...
Morphological, geological, geochronological and palynological analyses show that the landscape, climate and hydrological history of the Seim River basin includes: 1) a period of sandy Terrace 1 formation by shallow flows, with the surface transformation by cryogenic and aeolian processes, close to the Last Glaciation Maximum; 2) a cold and dry period about 16–14K radiocarbon years B.P. with very high...
Despite general agreement that global climate change is taking place there is less consensus about the consequences and impacts that may arise. The possibility of greater climatic variability, with changes in the incidence of particular types of events, requires multidisciplinary research so that associated impacts can be considered when devising environmental management strategies. Past hydrological...
There is increased awareness of the environmental impacts of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) losses through wind erosion, especially in areas heavily affected by dust storm erosion. This paper reviews the recent literature concerning dust storm-related soil erosion and its impact on soil C and N losses in northern China. The purpose of our study is to provide an overview of the area of erosion-affected...
Morphological linkages and discontinuities have been defined in both natural and anthropogenic terms. Such terms are considered useful in understanding the spatial and temporal roles of erosion from source areas, as indicated by linkages, when they are in operation, and by discontinuities, which act as storages or buffers in stabilizing landscapes. The latter slow erosion and promote conservation...
Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a key role in the structural stability of soils and in their resistance against erosion. However, and as far as andic soils are concerned, these mechanisms and processes, as well as the influence of the different types of SOC on aggregate stability, are not fully understood. The targets of this paper are: (i) to determine the content and forms of SOC in Andosols under...
Soil erosion during rainfall is strongly affected by runoff and slope steepness. Runoff production is drastically increased when a seal is formed at the soil surface during rainfall. Therefore, a complex interaction exists between soil erosion and surface sealing. In this study, the dynamics of interrill erosion during seal formation is studied under different simulated rainfall and slope conditions...
The larger rivers in the lower Pearl River system of SE China typically avoid outcrops of late Mesozoic granite while most of the smaller rivers transect or originate in granite. It is difficult to explain this phenomenon in terms of probability, lithology, fault control or present day topography. Analyses of sediments, planation surfaces and topography in the lower Pearl River system, indicates that...
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