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Measurements of suspended sediment concentration are of importance in soil erosion research and soil and water conservation practices and monitoring. A method of measuring sediment concentration with capacitance sensors was advanced in this study. The relationships between the sediment concentration in flowing water and the output of capacitance sensor, as affected by temperature, flow velocity, soil...
This paper describes the use of geomorphologic knowledge for resource management in rural areas of less developed countries. Specifically, we discuss the contribution of geomorphologic mapping (coupled with landscape knowledge) to natural resource management using geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. We describe a case study conducted at Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro,...
Soil crusting is a crucial factor for runoff generation in the Tabernas Desert badlands; however, very few methods have been developed for the measurement of infiltration in crusts, which are often distributed on steep slopes where experimental devices are very difficult to install, making measurement difficult. We have used the trickle irrigation (TI) method and mini-disk infiltrometers (MDI) in...
Calcareous soils are common in the humid tropics of Mexico, but little is known about their productivity and resistance to changes in land use. The influence of land use and duration of fallow on physical and chemical properties were investigated in (a) a loamy Rendzina (at Site A) rich in organic matter and limited in depth by calcareous gravel, and (b) a deeper Calcaric Phaeozem (at Site B) with...
A 5-m-wide soil pit at the base of a forested hillslope in coastal British Columbia was instrumented for studying subsurface flow processes during rainstorms. Three typical, low-intensity autumn rainfall events with different antecedent moisture conditions are assessed. Outflow from the organic horizon was captured and measured by a single trough, and outflow from the mineral horizon (above compact...
Saline-sodic wetlands along a 200-km stretch of the North Platte River Valley in western Nebraska, USA lie within an important agricultural region, but their processes, salt mineralogy, and geomicrobiology have not previously been investigated. Putative anthropogenic salinization has long been a concern, yet early historical accounts of widespread surface salts in the area have never been applied...
Weathering and soil features in the upland landscapes developed on granitic terrains of the Sila Grande Massif (Calabria, South Italy) have been studied in this work. The attempt to link field scale and micromorphological observations in order to better understand the main weathering processes and their controlling factors is revealed to be very powerful. Six soil profiles in the area around the Cecita...
A sedimentary sequence from the Espejo de los Lirios lake in the Metropolitan Zone of Mexico City (MZMC) was analyzed in detail for 210 Pb and 137 Cs activities, allowing to assess the evolution of the accretion rates in the lake during the last ∼84±4 years. The core revealed the deposition of contemporaneously indigenous lake sediments to the site interspersed with eroded bedrock...
The paper presents a sedimentological, palynological, and phytolith record from a 13 m deep Holocene sedimentary sequence, located in the Tsoaing River valley, southwestern Lesotho. Six conventional radiocarbon and two AMS dates provide a relatively high resolution Holocene record for the sedimentary sequence, ranging from ca. 12000 to 4000 years BP. Pollen is absent in the upper section but present...
The potential for global climate changes to increase the risk of soil erosion is clear, but the actual damage is not. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential impacts of climate change on soil erosion, surface runoff, and wheat productivity in central Oklahoma. Monthly projections were used from the Hadley Centre's general circulation model, HadCM3, using scenarios A2a, B2a, and...
MEFIDIS–short for Physically Based Distributed Erosion Model–was developed to simulate the consequences of climate and land-use changes for surface runoff and erosion patterns during extreme rainfall events. The model relies on physically based runoff and soil detachment equations, dividing the simulation area into spatial homogeneous units and using a dynamic approach for runoff and suspended sediment...
Over the last 30 years, European agricultural policy has influenced agricultural practices. These have led to an increase in numerous environmental issues such as the erosion and runoff risk, which have reached an alarming level in loamy soils of Upper Normandy. To control runoff and erosion at catchment scale, public authorities need tools in order to obtain a better knowledge of present or future...
In the North-West of the Cantabrian Range (North of Spain) the climate is oceanic and vegetation cover is continuous. In those areas where livestock farming prevails, wildfires are common, although small in size, their recurrence makes the phenomenon critical for the conservation of soils.In this study we propose that the structural stability of soil, associated with the type and size of the structural...
This study investigates potential changes in erosion rates in the Midwestern United States under climate change, including the adaptation of crop management to climate change. Previous studies of erosion under climate change have not taken into account farmer choices of crop rotations or planting dates, which will adjust to compensate for climate change. In this study, changes in management were assigned...
We used wavelets to analyze the measured discharge and sedimentation during 2001 from the nested Agricultural Research Service watershed in Riesel Texas. Periodicities from wavelet spectra were interpreted in terms of experiments conducted on granular particle systems. Our time series analysis suggested (1) terracing in small watersheds can change nature of turbulence to an extent that sedimentation...
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