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A study was conducted of the Mediterranean Red soils of a region in Central Western Spain with a goal of describing the relationship between their main characteristics and the age of the geomorphic surfaces over which they have developed. The main macromorphological characteristics of the soils were analyzed, with a statistical study of the analytical data on 70 samples of Mediterranean Red soils...
Soil formation in young aeolian sediments covered with pine and spruce was studied in an afforestation area in western Jutland. Because of advancing accumulation of mor, pH(H 2 O), values in the upper mineral layers have decreased from 5 to less than 4 within 30 years after planting. At the same time, the beginning of podzolisation is indicated by the development of an eluvial horizon, which...
Soils chronosequences are valuable tools for investigating rates and directions of soil and landscape evolution. Post-incisive chronosequences are the most common type of chronosequence. They are found in many landscapes, including sand dunes, glacial moraines, landslide scars, old pasture, burnt landscape patches, old mining areas, lava flows, alluvial fans, floodplains, river terraces, and marine...
This paper applies statistical and geostatistical procedures to a soil chronosequence on the terraces of the Henares River (NE Madrid) to analyse the spatial distribution of several soil properties and use the contribution of geostatistics to establishing a landscape evolution model of the area. Particle-size distribution, pH, calcium carbonate and organic carbon were analysed. Statistical procedures...
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) was measured on subtropical soils formed on a range of parent materials in Zhejiang Province, China, to demonstrate the influence of parent material lithologies on the amount and vertical distribution of χ in the soils. We found that the χ values of soils vary by up to two orders of magnitude with their parent material lithologies. Soils formed on igneous rocks with high...
A practical problem limiting the theoretical application of a soil chronosequence study lies in the difficulty of identifying an appropriate geomorphic age sequence with more than a few surfaces. A sequence of approximately 75 strand plain beach ridges located along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, USA, overcomes this problem, and was used to explore rates of soil development in the initial stages...
Sunk Island, an area of reclaimed estuarine alluvial sediments in the lower Humber estuary, provides a series of recent surfaces ranging from around 100 to 260 years old, upon which soil properties associated with soil ripening can be examined free from the disturbance of subsequent flooding and sedimentation. Within the first 100 years of pedogenesis, overall bulk density of the sediment has increased,...
Global warming leads to the melting of ice caps and glaciers and, consequently, the exposure of new areas of land to the atmosphere and weathering. These areas usually have a high reactivity to both biotic and abiotic changes. Proglacial areas in the Alps usually have a deglaciation time span of around 150years (time since the end of the “Little Ice Age” in the 1850's). We investigated a chronosequence...
The Haast chronosequence on the west coast of the South Island of New Zealand consists of a series of coastal dune ridges formed by periodic earthquake disturbance over the last 6500years. It approximates an ideal chronosequence, because soils are under the same climate and vegetation, have similar topography, and are developed in the same parent material. We assessed soil development and the changes...
The importance of the Norte Chico region in north-central Chile has long been recognized for the paleoclimates recorded in its soils. This area lies in an extreme climate gradient between the hyper-arid Atacama Desert in the north and a Mediterranean climate in the south, which has made it very sensitive to past climate changes. Nevertheless, few paleoclimate studies have been undertaken in the region,...
Soil development was studied along a chronosequence in 2010 in a proglacial environment in SE-Iceland. We investigated morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical changes in the soil representing over 120-year period. In total, 54 sampling sites were distributed along three moraines deposited in 1890, 1945 and 2003. For comparison, samples were collected from a nearby downy birch (Betula pubescens...
Soil erosion by water and tillage are major drivers for soil degradation in the mountainous regions of NW Vietnam. Data on cumulative and recent erosion of bulk soil and soil organic carbon (SOC) are needed for carbon budgeting and to evaluate e.g. the impact of erosion on climate change, environmental services and subsequent socioeconomic consequences. Thus, the aims of the present study were (1)...
Surficial processes acting on post-glacial alpine and sub-alpine landscapes vary at small temporal and spatial scales and are thus often difficult to conceptualize in the context of large-scale landscape evolution models. Soils developing in this setting can thus provide valuable information about landform genesis, sedimentology and age. Relatively few post-glacial chronosequences have been examined...
The objective of this study was to provide a general concept of post-agrogenic self-restoration of vegetation, soils, and carbon stocks in different climatic zones of European Russia based on comparative analysis of our previous studies (Kalinina et al., 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014). The focus was on post-agrogenic plant succession, pedogenesis, carbon stocks and different carbon pools of Podzols...
Recovery of soil organic matter and associated microbial biomass is a fundamental precondition for successful restoration of post-mining soils. The aim is to compare the dynamics of soil C fractions and of microbial communities associated with these fractions in two chronosequences of post-mining sites with different plant communities. Soil carbon, pH, bulk density and the light fraction of particulate...
As a large, active volcano, Mt Etna presents a complex soil-forming environment, with a spatial diversity of lava-flow age, tephra deposition, local climate and agriculture. Following a review of previous published research on Etna's soils, this paper analyses physical and chemical data for 23 profiles between 120m and 1030m elevation, on all flanks of the volcano, with the aim of characterising the...
Glacial retreat areas offer an excellent opportunity for microbial ecologists to study ecological theories. The place of this study was the glacier retreat area of Iztaccíhuatl volcano in México (19.02°N, 98.62°W). Sampling took place at eleven different sites along the retreat area in 2008 and 2009. Soil samples (200g each) were frozen, and air-shipped to the laboratory and analysed for organic C...
Plant invasion has been reported to modify ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling processes and pools. The aims of this work were to identify the consequences of plant invasion on C and N dynamics in soil organic matter (SOM) and its fractions following invasion chronosequence. In this study, we investigated the soil C and N contents and the δ13C and δ15N values of the SOM, free light fraction...
Soil evolution and the development of surface and subsurface diagnostic horizons affects hydrologic partitioning of precipitation to infiltration and runoff, and the vegetative carrying capacity of landscapes, all of which affect rates of hillslope erosion. Rates of erosion, in turn, feedback on soil development by removing or preserving soil horizons. This coevolution is difficult to investigate...
Coal mine degraded land looses large amounts of soil nutrients during surface mining. However, the magnitude of the change in soil properties can be offset with afforestation. A chronosequence study of 1 to 8years old reclaimed mine soils (RMS) in Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL), India was carried out to assess the development of soil properties and nutrients stocks. Samples from three...
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