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Weathering and soil formation rates are regarded as the main criteria of a tolerable soil loss. The efficiency of weathering in the seasonal semiarid tropics has often been greatly over-estimated especially in the geomorphologic literature in which weathering is assumed to be as fast or even faster than surface erosion. Six selected ''Red Soils'' in two intramontane basins of hyperthermic SW Nepal...
Characterisation of aeolian material in the Girilambone Region of New South Wales (600 km NW of Sydney), using particle size analysis, mineralogy, geochemistry and micromorphological analysis, shows that it consists of spheroidal, highly abraded 70 μm quartz grains. Although relatively pure aeolian accessions are found on top of Tertiary leucitite flows, the aeolian material is generally admixed with...
This study has been carried out on three pairs of clayey-silt slopes, which are examples of typical badlands near Aliano (Southern Italy). These show features of erosion which are common to SE-exposed clayey-silt rocks outcropping in the same area. After mineralogical, geochemical and grain size analyses these slopes were compared with the SE-exposed adjacent ones, having however a different erosive...
The Roglio basin, in the relatively arid Central Tuscany (Italy), is characterised by the presence of 191 badlands that have developed on Pliocene fine-grained blue clays. A morphometric analysis on the badlands has highlighted that these landforms formation and distribution are primarily related to the steepness of the hill flanks, which favour runoff and gravitational processes, along with favourable...
A calcrete profile developed on the top of a calcareous consolidated dune located in a coastal area of NE Tunisia (semi-arid climate) was studied with the aim to investigate the behavior of the chemical elements (rare earth elements—REE—and other trace and major elements) during the processes associated with calcrete formation, particularly dissolution and precipitation of carbonates in the vadose...
Few studies have been reported on the characteristics of dust particles deposited in arid regions of the Middle East. The objective of this study was to identify the variations in physical, chemical, and mineralogical composition of dust particles deposited along an elevational transect lying between central Iran and the Zagros Mountains in the west. Dust samples were collected at 12 localities during...
Calcretes are widespread, and form as nodular, columnar/tubular, fracture-infill, laminated hardpan and conglomeratic crust in the Adana region. X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive analyses (SEM–EDX) and differential thermal analysis−thermal gravimetry (DTA–TG) reveal that calcretes and their host-rock mudstones are composed predominantly of calcite...
The hydrolytic alteration of anorthosite from the Barro Alto Stratiform Mafic–Ultramafic Complex (Central Brazil) caused the formation of an isalteritic bauxite. Petrological studies using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), mass balance calculation and micromorphological description via optical microscopy were undertaken to understand the evolution of the bauxitic massif. The results...
The paper deals with the development of a multidisciplinary research on weathering profiles of granitoid and gneissic rocks related to tectonic and landscape evolution of the western Sila Grande Massif (Calabria, southern Italy). Field scale observations and petrographical and mineralogical features are used to characterize in detail the weathering processes. The weathering profiles of the granitoid...
Six pedological profiles were analyzed above five typical lithological units in Medvednica Mountain to determine the effect of eolian additions to the soil composition, as well as the possible influence of relief, vegetation cover, and anthropogenic input on the dynamics of pedogenesis. Bedrock composition was defined using petrographic (thin sections) and chemical analyses (major and trace element...
Field and laboratory investigations were conducted to determine the origin of a ubiquitous layer of silt that caps soil profiles in the alpine zone of the Uinta Mountains, Utah, USA. Fine sediment isolated from snowbanks was studied to constrain the fraction of this material derived from allochthonous eolian additions. Lake sediments representing deposition over the past few centuries were analyzed...
Scientific interest in marls has expanded in recent years especially in regard to erosion rates, weathering processes and stabilization of the resulting sediments. However, information regarding the properties and evolution of overlying soil is relatively scarce.This work analyzes the relationship between mechanical properties and standard properties of soils developed on Eocene marls in mountainous...
Studies in alpine environments have shown that chemical weathering and clay mineral formation are mainly controlled by climate and vegetation. However, few studies have focused specifically on pedogenesis in tropical high mountains. We evaluated pedogenic processes and weathering intensity by physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of soils under different vegetation types across a climatic...
Regoliths encompass different materials from the fresh bedrock to the top of the organic horizons. The occurrence and evolution of these materials are determined by deposition, erosion and weathering processes that are specific for each region. The origin and interaction of the regolith layers are still important issues in the study of critical zone functioning. Studies that attempt to understand...
This study utilizes features of calcrete to elucidate the main environmental factors that affect its formation and distribution in the Tensift Al Haouz area, Central Morocco, one of semi arid regions where calcrete is ubiquitous and occurs in a variety of forms. More than hundred calcretes profiles were examined and described by field observations. Selected samples were analyzed by optical microscopy...
The present paper aims to investigate the geological and environmental parameters controlling the redness of sand at the megabarchans located nearby Khnifiss lagoon (SW of Morocco). Mineralogical investigation either by laboratory or remotely sensed data showed the abundance of a mixed composition of Quartz, Carbonates and mafic minerals with a dominance of Hematite Quartz coated grains. Also, grain...
Boles are markers of hiatus in successive eruptions of the Deccan flood volcanism (DFV) emplaced at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary that are interpreted to retain paleoenvironmental information from their subaerial exposure. To evaluate paleoenvironment during these hiatuses, mineralogy and geochemistry of three different colors of boles, i.e., red (dark = 10R-3/6 and light = 10R-4/8), brown (5YR-4/4)...
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