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Rates of iron oxide enrichment of soils on a segmented alluvial fan in southern Tunisia are examined. Mineral magnetic and chemical characteristics of soils developed on two dated relict segments and on contemporary alluvium suggest that the rate of Fe-oxide enrichment was more rapid in the Holocene (2.6 × 10 −8 g g −1 yr −1 over the last 5000 years) than in the Pleistocene...
Several studies have documented the severity of recent soil erosion on the Canadian prairies where cultivation started about a century ago. Little quantitative information is available on erosion before 1960. This study attempts to quantify post- and pre-1960 soil erosion in a small cultivated basin near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, by measuring 137 Cs and magnetic susceptibility...
As recently as 7 years ago Quaternary geologists believed that there were no Pleistocene paleosols represented by non-peaty soil horizons (A, B, etc.) in Norway. However, several buried soils of this type have recently been reported and studied by stratigraphic, magnetic and chemical methods. Magnetic susceptibility is a useful method for identifying and correlating paleosols, even in areas of complex...
The soil conditions of an abandoned shunting yard in the Ruhr area were studied to find the most important factors influencing plant growth and nutrient cycling. The chemical and physical conditions of five Urbic Anthrosols with different development histories were compared with those of a nearby Calcic Cambisol under agricultural use. In the second half of the 19th century, the ground level of the...
It has been established that loess deposited on the Chinese Loess Plateau was derived from arid and semi-arid regions in north and northwest China, but the specific pathways of dust transport are still not proved. In this study, 32 loess-palaeosol profiles of the last glacial and interglacial periods were measured for magnetic susceptibility in order to investigate the dust transport pathways of dust...
The magnetic susceptibility (χ) of soils varies with the slope position due to some factors, such as texture and drainage class. This study attempts to link χ to soil profile characteristics [soil horizon type, organic and inorganic C, sand and oxalate (Feo) and dithionite (Fed) extractable iron] measured on soil cores collected from the three uncultivated soil catenas in Saskatchewan. The parent...
Understanding sediment delivery at the hillslope scale requires information on the spatial distributions and magnitudes of erosion and deposition. Empirical models such as the RUSLE may be useful for predicting erosion, but are poorly suited for quantifying deposition. Cesium-137 (Cs-137) is useful for quantifying both erosion and deposition, but is costly to inventory over a large area, and directly...
Standard field indicators, currently used for hydric soil delineations [USDA-NRCS, 1998. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States, Version 4.0. In: G.W. Hurt et al. (Ed.), United States Department of Agriculture-NRCS, Fort Worth, TX], are useful, but in some cases, they can be subjective, difficult to recognize, or time consuming to assess. Magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurements, acquired...
A sedimentary sequence from the Espejo de los Lirios lake in the Metropolitan Zone of Mexico City (MZMC) was analyzed in detail for 210 Pb and 137 Cs activities, allowing to assess the evolution of the accretion rates in the lake during the last ∼84±4 years. The core revealed the deposition of contemporaneously indigenous lake sediments to the site interspersed with eroded bedrock...
Small-scale spatial variability in the concentration of magnetic minerals in peat soils has been explained by differences in the deposition and interception of magnetic minerals at the soil surface and the retention of magnetic minerals within the soil. Each of these processes is controlled by topographic conditions. Recent advances in the field of digital terrain analysis and the availability of...
The magnetic properties and magnetic mineralogy of a weathering sequence of soils developed on basalt parent material from eastern China, were studied by rock magnetism, X-ray diffraction and soil chemical analyses to establish the connection between mineral magnetic properties and pedogenic development in a subtropical region. The magnetic susceptibility of soils formed on basalt varied greatly and...
The magnetic properties of soil have been increasingly applied as a rapid and economic way to monitor environment pollution. Sediments from a growing islet in the lower reach of Yangtze River as well as the suspended particles in the surrounding river water were used to identify anthropogenic influence on the magnetic susceptibility (MS) of the Yangtze River sediment. Results show that newly deposited...
We studied three cores from a well-dated sediment archive from an oxbow lake of the River Morava, Czech Republic, using a high-resolution (1cm) multiproxy stratigraphic analysis and a concentration of selected heavy metals. The objective was to investigate how the vertical distribution of pollutants could be affected by episodic flood sedimentation in archives with high sedimentation rates. Stratigraphic...
Magnetic susceptibility (MS) of paddy soils (Hydragric Anthrosols) and their corresponding dryland soils formed on the same parent materials in Zhejiang Province of Eastern China were measured in order to understand better magnetic profile discrimination and pedogenic magnetic minerals in paddy soils. Magnetic measurements showed that the MS values of paddy soils were much lower than those of dryland...
Field studies documenting fine-sediment (<2mm) transport in gravel-bed rivers are rare. For the first time in a fluvial environment, a technique that enhances the magnetic susceptibility of sand is used to trace its longitudinal dispersion and storage. This paper describes the methodology behind the artificial magnetic enhancement of iron-stained sand, and presents the results from sand tracing...
Chlorite weathering is potentially useful as an indicator of in situ weathering related to the strength of the East Asian summer monsoon in Chinese loess deposits. The chlorite ratio (the integral area ratio of chlorite diffraction peaks at 0.47nm and 0.7nm) is a new proxy for evaluating the release of free iron from chlorite weathering. This ratio was measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD) on the...
Knowledge of spatial distribution of soil aggregate stability as an indicator of soil degradation vulnerability and its possible prediction are required for many scientific and practical environmental studies. The goal of our study was to provide a model for predicting soil aggregate stability within morphologically diverse areas, where soil properties have been affected by soil material redistribution...
Erosion processes in the black soil region of Northeast China result in significant regional soil redistribution and crop production heterogeneity along slopes. It is difficult to link soil erosion and redistribution on a long-term scale using classical field plot monitoring or the costly 137Cs technique; however, magnetic susceptibility measurements can provide an economical tool to quantify soil...
A detailed magnetic study of four types of Chernozem profiles developed on the loess in the Homutovsky Steppe (Ukraine), Middle Poland and Moravia (Slovakia) was carried out. The magnetic methods were used to examine the subtle differences between four Chernozems, their pedogenic horizons and mechanism of soil formation. Loess of Ukrainian Chernozem (H2) revealed the greatest values of magnetic susceptibility...
In the case of andic soils − developed on volcanic rocks − permanently humid conditions are essential for andosolisation processes. Although volcanic rocks are usually rich in highly magnetic iron oxides, knowledge about these minerals in andic soils with respect to the soil development is missing. The aim of this contribution is to investigate the relationship between magnetic and basic chemical...
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