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We examined the geochemistry and micromorphology of the soils on a suite of morphologically well-defined and visually distinct fluvial terraces, up to 40 m elevation above the current riverbed, at Thangbi in the upper Bumthang Valley, Bhutan. The alluvia forming each of the terraces are lithologically and structurally similar, with shallow or moderately deep, clast-free sandy loam overbank deposits...
The processes associated with water movement through silt loam soils involve both the flow through macropores as preferential flow or macropore flow and flow through the micropore as matrix flow. Macropore and matrix flow components were separated from total flow by a hydrograph-separation technique which used the assumption of dual porosity and a tracer mass balance. A mixture of potassium bromide...
A mechanistic model was used to simulate the downstream movement of particles travelling in suspension, by raindrop induced saltation and flow driven saltation on planar surfaces ranging from 2 m to 30 m in length. Results were produced for two rainfall events, one of high intensity, the other of moderate intensity, and a mixture of particle sizes ranging from fine material to 0.9 mm sand. Initially,...
Under the influence of socio–economic changes in many regions in Europe, a trend of decreasing agricultural activity has been observed since the Second World War. The resulting reforestation profoundly changes water and sediment supply to river channels, deposition rates on the floodplains and erosion rates on the hillslopes. We studied these changes in the 91 km 2 Dragonja catchment in southwestern...
Sedimentological connectivity within drainage systems may be controlled spatially by ‘pockets’ of intact valley fill, alluvial fans impinging laterally on mainstem rivers, floodouts impinging longitudinally on valley floors, and downstream resistant rock bands and their effect on valley width. Where local conditions favor prolonged inundation of the uppermost ~0.5 m of the sediment surface, these...
Preferential flow may strongly affect hydrology at different scales. Measurement of preferential flow however remains very difficult. Tracer-infiltration profiles are often used to measure the degree of preferential flow at plot scale. These experiments are time-consuming, costly and destructive. As a result existing dye-tracer studies are often based on a limited number of profiles. The aim of this...
Soil cover and rainfall intensity (RI) are recognized to have severe impacts on soil erosion and an interaction exists between them. This study investigates the effect of rainfall intensity (RI) and soil surface cover on losses of sediment and the selective enrichment of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the sediment by surface runoff. A field rainfall simulator was used in the laboratory to produce 90 min...
Grape production is an ancient and important activity, particularly in Spain. Within this country, Navarre is one of the best vine-producing regions. Despite the importance of the vine crop, any quantification of soil erosion rates on a pluri-decennial scale under this world-wide land use is scant. Considering that in Navarre grafting in vines was made until the 1990s directly in the field, and almost...
Field rainfall simulations were conducted in 2002 and 2005 to study the effects of different soil management practices on the total phosphorous (TP) and Olsen-P losses by soil erosion and redistribution along a 15 m long slope in Luoyang, Henan province, China. Field plots were set up in 2001 and included the following soil management practices: subsoiling with mulch (SSM), no-till with mulch (NTM),...
To reduce water loss from soil surface evaporation is important in agricultural and environmental practices, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Gravel mulch has long been practiced to reduce soil surface evaporation. In this study, a series of simulation experiments were conducted to study the effects of gravel mulches of different sizes on evaporation process from soil surface. Four mulch...
Linear superposition approach, which states that composite resistance of different types of roughness elements equals to the sum of individual resistance, has been widely adopted in the study of overland flow hydraulics. The approach assumes that different roughness elements act independently in the flow. This seems to be implausible because roughness elements in shallow overland flow are often close...
As the criterion for judging whether a soil has potential risks of erosion, productivity loss and whether a river has downstream over-sedimentation as well as the ultimate criterion for erosion control for the preservation of soil productivity and environmental security in the long term, the level of soil loss tolerance (T value) must be determined in a scientific manner. This overview summarized...
The Andean piedmont of eastern Bolivia is situated at the southern margin of Amazonia characterized by an overall humid climate regime with a marked contrast between the rainy and dry seasons. The nearby Subandean foothills deliver abundant sandy sediments to the piedmont, leading to a complex array of sediments and paleosol horizons. Within this setting, the presented study analyzes four profiles...
During the last decades, the European loess belt has been confronted with a significant increase in environmental problems due to erosion on agricultural land. Spatially distributed runoff and erosion models operating at the catchment scale are therefore needed to evaluate the impact of potential mitigation measures. Expert-based models offer an alternative solution to process-based and empirical...
In three West Siberian geomorphological regions, the snowpack was measured and the soil frost depth, the volume of surface runoff, the humus content of the soil, and the chemical composition of meltwater were determined for each year from 1969 to 2007. The study was carried out on chernozem-type soils during different hydrological years. The water content of the snow varied in those years from 65 mm...
The distribution of red and black soil (Xeralfs–Xerolls) associations in the Monarto area (South Australia) is complex and their genesis either being derived from a uniform parent material or a lithologic discontinuity is not known. The objectives of this study were (i) to assess Zr- and Ti-bearing grains as minerals resistant to chemical weathering prior to employing Zr and Ti in determining parent...
The Souar lithologic formation in semi-arid Tunisia is undergoing severe gully erosion which is threatening soil and water resources. Soil conservation strategies have focused more on terracing than on gully control techniques, since the contribution of gully sediment yield in the overall soil loss from watersheds is unknown. The paper reports investigations into the sediment yield provided by head-cut...
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