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Interactions between soil surface properties, water runoff and erosion occur at many time and space scales. The paper focuses primarily on the effects of soil microtopography at a range of spatial scales and considers some new conceptual approaches to modelling its effect on runoff generation, flow concentration and sediment transport. In this paper, the local generation of runoff is considered through...
Surface runoff and soil erosion are major threats to sustainable agriculture and mapping regional erosion risk is increasingly needed by national and international environment agencies. Because erosion results from the interaction of several parameters which vary in space and time, no simple model can take into account all relevant factors, particularly in cultivated areas where human influences are...
In European loess belt soils, infiltration and erosion processes are strongly influenced by surface crusting. Modelling infiltration into these crusts has led to the development of equations of varying complexity, ranging from simple empirical equations to numerical solution of the Richard's equation. However, a number of issues important for modelling effective erosion at the catchment scale remain...
The micro-topography of a groundnut plot in Senegal has been recorded over a full cultivation cycle, using an automated device able to measure 16.2 m 2 at every 5 cm with an accuracy of 1 mm. Tillage is horse drawn, perpendicular to the general slope, and generates oriented microreliefs. Surface Storage Capacity (SSC) was calculated on both raw and slope-detrended surfaces. Additionally, various...
During rainfall events, surface roughness affects runoff generation by providing water surface storage in the depressions and altering the flow direction on the surface. The process of runoff initiation, or triggering, involves the gradual filling of individual depressions and the connection of those overflowing depressions toward the outflow boundary. Although studies have been conducted to relate...
Variability in surface condition occurs at different spatial and temporal scales. Locally, surface conditions interact with soil components and determine the dynamic of surface sealing, biomass, and roughness. At the hillslope scale, conditions at the surface vary with the topographic position that can cause different hydrologic regimes and erosion. This paper presents our efforts in quantifying how...
The usual numerical methods for removing the depressions of a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) gradually fill the depressions and merge the embedded ones. These methods are complex to implement and need large computation time, particularly when the DEM contains a high proportion of random noise. A new method is presented here. It is innovative because, instead of gradually filling the depressions, it...
Soil erosion is a complex phenomenon involving the detachment and transport of soil particles, storage and runoff of rainwater, and infiltration. The relative magnitude and importance of these processes depends on a host of factors, including climate, soil, topography, cropping and land management practices, control practices, the antecedent conditions, and the size of the area under consideration...
Rainfall simulators are used to study a variety of different processes (e.g., water erosion, infiltration, overland flow, irrigation, movement of agrochemicals, etc.). Wind affects field experiments that make use of rainfall simulators. Water-drop trajectories and velocities are altered, affecting water application and kinetic energy distributions.In this study, a three-dimensional numerical model...
Micromorphology indicates that soils of the central part of the Gangetic Plains are polygenetic. They occur on surfaces originating at 13500, 8000, 2500, >500 and <500 BP (QGH5 to QGH1, respectively). The QGH5 soils on upland interfluves show degraded illuvial clay pedofeatures of an early humid phase (13500-11000 BP) and thick (150-200 μm) microlaminated clay pedofeatures of a later humid phase...
Surface wash erosion was measured at runoff plots on low to moderate slopes in clayey and sandy silts underlain by continuous permafrost on the Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island. Due to snow redistribution in winter, total precipitation on the plots varied from 34 to 150 mm, with corresponding surface runoff values of 0 to 102 mm. Where runoff occurred, at least 80% of it was derived from snowmelt...
Maps from 1904 and 1915 and air photographs from 1963, 1980, 1985, 1993 and 1996 provide a record of landslide incidence in a 92.1-km 2 drainage basin, a headwater tributary of the Cho-Shui River in Taiwan. Interpretation of landslide patterns from the early maps indicate that in four sub-basins (36 km 2 ) structural geological factors control chronic landsliding regularly reactivated...
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