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This special issue of Catena is dedicated to the topic of soil conservation and soil erosion by wind and water. The topic is of particular importance today with the recognition that we live in a rapidly changing world that presents many challenges associated with population pressures and migrations, and their associated demands on the precious soil resource that we depend on for our survival. These...
Investigating the erosion processes of freeze–thaw-affected soils caused by concentrated snow/glacier meltwater flow can be challenging. Experimental data can help improve our understanding and modeling of the phenomenon. Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the effects of slope gradient and flow rate on soil erosion by concentrated meltwater flow over thawed and non-frozen soil surfaces...
Soil loss due to wind and water erosion degrades the soil on-site and results in environmental problems due to deposition in off-site areas downstream and downwind of the source field. Wind and water erosion may both occur to varying extents particularly in semi-arid environments. Soil conservation strategies require information about the processes of soil redistribution to mitigate its impact. However,...
Current theoretical and experimental studies of windblown sand movement are mostly conducted on flat sand surfaces. However, sand dunes, basic forms of desert landscapes, have slope gradients that greatly influence the transportation of sand particles. In this study, sand velocity on the windward and leeward slopes of barchans dunes was measured using a laser Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer in a wind...
Soil erosion by water is affected by raindrops hitting the soil surface. Under windy conditions the droplets are forced to divert from vertical fall which affects their erosional intensity. To consider this effect the paper reports on model simulations with the EROSION 3D model taking into account wind speed and wind direction.Based on measured data achieved by wind tunnel experiments a set of algorithms...
Investigating the mechanisms of wind-sand movement is essential to deeply understand sand storm and desertification process, and further to control the wind-sand hazards. It is considered that turbulence burst may have great influence on the motion of sand particles. But current theoretical and experimental studies mostly concentrate on the turbulence burst over flat surface or in the water. Sand...
Large-scale sediment control efforts on the Loess Plateau of China and resulting reductions in sediment yield have been documented. However, it remains unclear how these control works affect the soil erosion rates and sediment loads at the catchment scale. A combination of field work and modeling exercises was used to examine the effects of land use changes and check dams on the variation of sediment...
Gully erosion represents an important sediment source, and gully volume changes can show the contribution of gully erosion to sediment yield. On the Chinese Loess Plateau, where the gully erosion is a serious problem, valley bank gullies are the main gully types in small catchments, and the exploration of a valid method to assess the gully erosion at a large scale is needed. The objective of this...
One of the challenges of modern agriculture is to adapting to climatic effects, including the capacity of rainy events in causing erosion. The understanding of these phenomena relies on monitoring rain variables that express the magnitude and pattern of erosive agents. Kinetic energy (E) is a fundamental variable to represent the erosivity and to enable the estimation of erosion and sediment yield...
Land degradation by erosion is especially important in drylands, which are among the most vulnerable to disturbance by human activity or climate change. Biocrusts are an essential surface component of these ecosystems and one of the most important contributors to surface resistance and stability, and therefore, keeping soil fertile in these nutrient-limited-environments. Loss of biocrusts can result...
In recent decades, the micro-region of Paraiba state, Brazil, has been undergoing the process of replacing its native coverage by crops, mainly pastures for grazing. This land use change has led to the detachment of soil due to the water erosion. Thus, this research had the merit of analyzing the hydraulic roughness parameters generated by pasture emergent vegetation in field condition under interrill...
Assessment studies of conservation efforts have shown that best management practices were not always implemented in the most vulnerable areas where they are most needed. While complex computer simulation models can be used to identify these areas, resources needed for using such models are beyond reach for most water resources managers. Soil and water conservationists need simple, spatially explicit...
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