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The dimorphic pattern of growth hormone (GH) secretion and somatic growth in male and female mammals is attributable to the gonadal steroids. Whether these hormones mediate their effects solely on hypothalamic neurons, on somatotropes or on both to evoke the gender-specific GH secretory patterns has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 17β-estradiol,...
The conjugation reactions of hydration and dehydrogenation catalyzed by the dehydratase and dehydrogenase activities of D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase/D-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase bifunctional protein (DBP) and enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase bifunctional protein (LBP) in the side chain degradation step of bile acid biosynthesis were investigated using chemically synthesized...
By a structural combination of phosphonate and bisphosphonate moieties with the vitamin D skeleton a series of new vitamin D analogs was synthesized. Derivatives with 24β-hydroxy- or 24-keto groups exerted considerable vitamin D activities in vitro while the hypercalcemic potentials were significantly reduced as compared to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (calcitriol). Whereas the 24-hydroxy analogs...
3α,7α,12α-Trihydroxy- and 3α,7α-dihydroxy-24-oxo-5β-cholestan-26-oyl CoAs were chemically synthesized by the conventional method for the study of side chain cleavage in bile acid biosynthesis. 3α,7α,12α-Triformyloxy- and 3α,7α-diformyloxy-5β-cholan-24-als were initially subjected to the Reformatsky reaction with methyl α-bromopropionate, and the products were then converted into methyl 3α,7α,12α-triformyloxy-...
Obese, postmenopausal women have lower FSH levels. To determine whether this is due to higher estrogen exposure, we compared feedback gonadotropin sensitivity and its relation to insulin resistance in four groups of obese and lean, postmenopausal women. Group one was treated with 400 mg troglitazone (TG) daily for two weeks; 150 clomiphene citrate (CC) was added daily for the second week. Group two...
Recently, a number of nuclear receptors have been identified as key regulators of cholesterol homeostasis. Two of these, liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) (NR1H3) [1] and ubiquitous receptor (UR) (NR1H2) [1], appear to be involved in cholesterol reverse transport and disposal. LXRα null gene mice fail to adapt metabolically to high-cholesterol diets. We have recently shown that some 6α-hydroxylated bile...
Alterations in the NH 2 -terminal region of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) gene expressed in placental bed tissue may be implicated in the development of preeclampsia, the pathogenesis of which involves the spiral arteries. Therefore, mutations and polymorphisms on exons 1 and 2 of the gene encoding ERα were studied. Placental bed biopsies were taken from 20 healthy, normotensive pregnant...
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