Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder with widespread ethiology; genetic predisposition, nutrition, and the immune state are factors influencing the outcome of the disease. Furthermore, chronic stress has negatively been linked to IBD. Chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC) has recently been established as a model to study the impact of stress on colonic inflammation. So far, this model correlates stressor exposure with pathophysiological changes in the gut. However, reasons for those changes are still poorly understood. As myeloid cells play a critical role in IBD we focused on the analysis of stress-induced myeloid cells in CSC. Early during stressor exposure an increase in the myeloid cell growth factor G-CSF was observed. Consequently, a steady increase of myeloid cells was detected in secondary lymphoid organs and the colon. The cells were further characterized by the expression of CD11b and Gr1 identifying them as inflammatory myeloid cells (IMC). Stress-derived IMC produced high amounts of inflammatory cytokines upon stimulation indicating their pathological role in that particular context. Furthermore, we were able to reproduce the increase in IMC and G-CSF by application of glucocorticoids. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that chronic psychosocial stress induces distinct changes in the myeloid cell compartment that stimulates accumulation of IMC – a cell type critical for the development of colonic inflammation.