Based on a 3-year study that focused on the behavior of cold-formed steel beams with web openings, researchers at the University of Missouri--Rolla have developed simple, easy to apply design recommendations. The design recommendations address the limit states of web buckling resulting from bending, shear, web crippling, combined bending and shear, and combined bending and web crippling. The recommendations were developed based on the results of experimental and analytical studies of C-section beams. The C-sections, which are commonly used for wall studs and floor joists, are manufactured with web openings. Common web opening sizes are 38 102 mm and 19 51 mm. All web openings are located at mid-depth of the web and spaced 61 cm on center along the length of the C-section.