Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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Effects of Postnatal Exposure of Monkeys to a PCB Mixture on Spatial Discrimination Reversal and DRL Performance

Deborah C. Rice

Neurotoxicology and Teratology > 1998 > 20 > 4 > 391-400

Behavioral impairment as a consequence of PCB exposure beginning in utero has been reported in both humans and animals. The present study assessed the behavioral consequences of postnatal exposure to PCBs. Male monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were dosed from birth to 20 weeks of age with 7.5 μg/kg/day of a PCB mixture representative of the PCBs typically found in human breast milk (eight monkeys)...

article

Assessment of Cocaethylene Lethality in Long-Evans Female and Male Rats

B.-F. X. Sobel, A. C. Hutchinson, H. F. Diamond, S. A. Etkind, more

Neurotoxicology and Teratology > 1998 > 20 > 4 > 459-463

Cocaethylene, the metabolite of cocaine produced only in the presence of alcohol, produces a number of pharmacological, physiological, and behavioral effects. It also has a range of toxicological consequences, the most severe being lethality. Given that the assessments of cocaethylene lethality have been limited to mice, the present study assessed the lethality of cocaethylene in rats. Further,...

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The Effects of Clonidine on Rat Pups Neonatally Exposed to Cocaine

Susan Barron, C. Michele Staton, Jennifer A. Willford, Lynne S. Hansen-Trench

Neurotoxicology and Teratology > 1998 > 20 > 4 > 401-409

This study examined the effects of neonatal cocaine exposure on responsivity to the α ₂ noradrenergic agonist clonidine in 11-day-old rat pups. On postnatal day (PND) 4 neonatal rats were assigned to one of four treatment groups: artifically reared (AR) receiving 40 mg/kg/day cocaine hydrochloride, AR receiving 20 mg/kg cocaine, AR control receiving no drug, and a normally reared control...

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Using Postnatal Age to Determine Test Dates Leads to Misinterpretations When Treatments Alter Gestation Length: Results from a Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study in Japan

Toshiaki Tachibana, Hiroyasu Narita, Tetsuo Ogawa, Takashi Tanimura

Neurotoxicology and Teratology > 1998 > 20 > 4 > 449-457

A collaborative study was conducted by researchers from 18 laboratories that participated in the Behavioral Teratology Meeting in Japan. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats from four breeders received subcutaneous injections of nicotine (6 mg/kg body weight) from day 7 to day 20 of gestation. Results of preweaning tests were closely related to length of gestation, and prolonged gestation was seen in the...

article

Alterations in Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity in Hippocampus by a Complex PCB Mixture, Aroclor 1254

M. E. Gilbert, D. Liang

Neurotoxicology and Teratology > 1998 > 20 > 4 > 383-389

Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has been associated with a variety of neurological effects including cognitive dysfunction. The present study assessed the effects of acute in vitro exposure to a complex mixture of highly chlorinated PCBs, Aroclor 1254 (A1254), on synaptic transmission in the hippocampus of the rat. Increases in population spike (PS) amplitude were observed...

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Cholinesterase Inhibitors Induce Growth Cone Collapse and Inhibit Neurite Extension in Primary Cultured Chick Neurons

Shigeru Saito

Neurotoxicology and Teratology > 1998 > 20 > 4 > 411-419

Cholinesterase inhibitors are commonly prescribed medicines in neurological and anesthesiological clinical practices at relatively high doses. Recent studies report that cholinesterases, originally described as neurotransmitter degradation enzymes, are expressed in the developing central nervous systems. They are hypothesized to play an important role during the establishment of neuronal cytoarchitecture...

article

Effects of Gestational Nicotine Exposure on Hippocampal Morphology

T. S. Roy, U. Sabherwal

Neurotoxicology and Teratology > 1998 > 20 > 4 > 465-473

Morphology of the dentate gyrus and Ammon's horn of the hippocampus was observed postnatally in Wistar rats exposed to prenatal nicotine. Pregnant Wistar rats were injected with nicotine (2.5 mg/kg/day) from gestational day (GD) 6 to term and pups were delivered at term normally. The brains of nicotine-exposed pups at postnatal day (PND) 40 were dissected and processed for araldite embedding. Semithin...

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Ethanol Exposure During the Last Week of Gestation in the Rat: Inhibition of the Prenatal Testosterone Surge in Males without Long-Term Alterations in Sex Behavior

Robert F. McGivern, Robert J. Handa, William J. Raum

Neurotoxicology and Teratology > 1998 > 20 > 4 > 483-490

In utero ethanol exposure decreases the prenatal testosterone (T) surge in male rats. To determine the functional significance of this suppression, we measured sex behavior in adult litter representatives of pregnant rats that were administered a fortified liquid diet containing 35% ethanol-derived calories from day 15 of gestation through parturition. Control dams were pair-fed an isocaloric liquid...

article

Aluminum Effects on Operant Performance and Food Motivation of Mice

Mari S. Golub, Stacey L. Germann

Neurotoxicology and Teratology > 1998 > 20 > 4 > 421-427

Previous studies demonstrated better performance of operant tasks in mice fed excess aluminum (Al) in the diet. The current study examined whether (a) Al leads to impairment of spatial alternation after extended practice, (b) Al enhances performance of an operant task that emphasizes motor learning and ability (differential reinforcement of high rates, DRH), and (c) Al enhances food motivation as...

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Behavioral Effects of Low-Level Exposure to Hg ⁰ Among Dental Professionals: A Cross-Study Evaluation of Psychomotor Effects

Alvah C. Bittner, Diana Echeverria, James S. Woods, H. Vasken Aposhian, more

Neurotoxicology and Teratology > 1998 > 20 > 4 > 429-439

A cross-study design was used to evaluate the sensitivities of five psychomotor tasks previously used to assess preclinical effects of low-level Hg ⁰ (urinary 55 μg/l). Pooling dental professional subject populations from six studies conducted over the last 6 years, a larger study population was obtained with a high degree of uniformity (N = 230). The five psychomotor tests were: Intentional...

article

Methamphetamine-Induced Dopamine and Serotonin Reductions in Neostriatum Are Not Gender Specific in Rats with Comparable Hyperthermic Responses

Masao Fukumura, Gregg D. Cappon, Harry W. Broening, Charles V. Vorhees

Neurotoxicology and Teratology > 1998 > 20 > 4 > 441-448

Methamphetamine (MA)-induced monoamine depletions in male and female Sprague-Dawley CD rats were studied under conditions in which the magnitude of MA-induced hyperthermia was comparable between the sexes. MA (5 or 10 mg/kg) or saline (3 ml/kg) was administered SC four times at 2-h intervals. Animals were sacrificed 3 days posttreatment for the determination of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and...

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The Magnitude of Brain Dopamine Depletion from Prenatal Cocaine Exposure Is a Function of Uterine Position

Jack W. Lipton, Heather C. Robie, Zaodung Ling, Debra E. Weese-Mayer, more

Neurotoxicology and Teratology > 1998 > 20 > 4 > 373-382

Cocaine's teratogenicity remains equivocal in the literature. The variance in cocaine-induced teratogenic data led us to consider that the intrauterine exposure to cocaine is not homogenous and that sampling methods presently utilized in the literature lead to inconsistent results. Cocaine's vasoconstrictive actions, in concert with regional variance in the uterine milieu of the rodent, were postulated...

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Effect of In Utero Exposure to Betamethasone on Motivation/Anxiety Testing in Mice Offspring

William F. Rayburn, H. Dix Christensen, Christina L. Gonzalez, Lindsay A. Rayburn, more

Neurotoxicology and Teratology > 1998 > 20 > 4 > 475-481

In utero exposure to a single dose of the long-acting corticosteroid betamethasone at GD 14 has been shown to induce specific differences in motivation/anxiety testing among offspring. Because multidosings are desired to enhance fetal lung maturation, our objective was to compare effects of multidosings of betamethasone with a placebo on postnatal tests of motivation and anxiety. Sixty gravid CD-1...

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Neurotoxicology and Teratology

Effects of Postnatal Exposure of Monkeys to a PCB Mixture on Spatial Discrimination Reversal and DRL Performance

Assessment of Cocaethylene Lethality in Long-Evans Female and Male Rats

The Effects of Clonidine on Rat Pups Neonatally Exposed to Cocaine

Using Postnatal Age to Determine Test Dates Leads to Misinterpretations When Treatments Alter Gestation Length: Results from a Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study in Japan

Alterations in Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity in Hippocampus by a Complex PCB Mixture, Aroclor 1254

Cholinesterase Inhibitors Induce Growth Cone Collapse and Inhibit Neurite Extension in Primary Cultured Chick Neurons

Effects of Gestational Nicotine Exposure on Hippocampal Morphology

Ethanol Exposure During the Last Week of Gestation in the Rat: Inhibition of the Prenatal Testosterone Surge in Males without Long-Term Alterations in Sex Behavior

Aluminum Effects on Operant Performance and Food Motivation of Mice

Behavioral Effects of Low-Level Exposure to Hg ⁰ Among Dental Professionals: A Cross-Study Evaluation of Psychomotor Effects

Methamphetamine-Induced Dopamine and Serotonin Reductions in Neostriatum Are Not Gender Specific in Rats with Comparable Hyperthermic Responses

The Magnitude of Brain Dopamine Depletion from Prenatal Cocaine Exposure Is a Function of Uterine Position

Effect of In Utero Exposure to Betamethasone on Motivation/Anxiety Testing in Mice Offspring

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