Appetite
All members of 18 families (n=75; ages from 1 to 65 years) participated in a cross-over study of butter usage. Two types of butter were compared: regular (82%) fat) and low-fat (41%) butters. Butter was supplied to the families by the laboratory for use in raw (spread) form over two successive periods of 5 weeks (first week served as training). No other butter was allowed. The number of consumers...
This study examined the dietary intake and rated internal state of 16 normal-weight young women following the manipulation of the actual or the presented fat and energy content of a test dish eaten at lunch. Half of the subjects were classified as restrained and half as unrestrained eaters. The test dish was either 2473 kJ (591 kcal) in its high-fat version or 1485 kJ (355 kcal) in its low-fat version,...
The consistency of hedonic responses to three brands of vanilla ice cream over 5 weeks was examined using two procedures. Respondents (n=40) came to the test after their usual lunch and rated their liking for ice creams side-by-side (three samples in one session) and afterad libitumconsumption (one sample at a time). The quantity of ice cream consumed inad libitumprocedure was recorded. Respondents...
The prevalence of binge eating disorder (BED) was assessed in 68 massively obese patients prior to and following biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) for obesity. The eating behavior and the psychological traits were evaluated by the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire and the Eating Disorder Inventory. Since after BPD the body weight regulation is substantially dependent on intestinal absorption, the individuals...
This study examined the replicability of findings reported by Lowe, Whitlow and Bellwoar (1991) concerning eating regulation among restrained eaters and dieters. Loweet al. found that current dieters ate more than restrained non-dieters when not preloaded, and sharply reduced their intake following a high-calorie preload. The present study re-examined these findings and also determined the effect...
Decreasing fat intake in subjects at risk of cardiovascular diseases and particularly diabetics is a major issue. To investigate whether low-fat (41%) butter (LFB) is of any benefit compared to regular butter (RB), 97 hospitalized diabetics (41 insulin-dependent) were studied on four consecutive days. Breakfast (bread, butter and drink) was served at 0830 hrs, on successive mornings. LFB and RB were...
The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on the macronutrient preference and total energy intake of lean and obese female Zucker rats was studied. Introduction of DHEA led to a rapid decrease in the consumption of fat, protein and total calories by the obese rat. DHEA treatment of the lean rat caused a change neither in its total energy consumption nor in its fat consumption, but did cause a distinct...
In study 1, subjects who were high and low in trait food neophobia made a series of choices between novel or familiar foods in the presence of no model, a neophilic model who chose mostly novel foods, or a neophobic model who chose mostly familiar foods and made another series of choices in private from foods which were not modeled. Subjects who were low (but not high) in trait neophobia behaved in...
Meal pattern was investigated during the transient hypophagia lasting about 1 week when rats are switched from a carbohydrate-free high fat (HF) diet to an isocaloric high carbohydrate (HC) diet. After the HF/HC diet switch, voluntary food intake was suppressed through reduction of meal size with meal frequency remaining unaffected. Thus, the satiety ratio was increased in HF rats ingesting the HC...
Reduced-calorie/reduced-fat (RC/RF) foods are widespread in the food supply, but there are few published data on who is using them and why. A total of 226 college men (n=76) and women (n=150) participated in a survey investigating the influence of gender and dietary restraint on eating habits, dieting and the use of 11 categories of RC/RF foods. Men did not differ from women in their overall use of...
A number of factors are thought to influence people's dietary choices, including health, cost, convenience and taste, but there are no measures that address health-related and non-health-related factors in a systematic fashion. This paper describes the development of a multidimensional measure of motives related to food choice. The Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) was developed through factor analysis...
Psychosocial correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption were studied in an adult Dutch population (n=367) based on the ASE model of attitudes, social influence and self-efficacy. Attitudes were a summation of beliefs about taste, different health consequences, and costs in time and money. Social influences were measured through the social stimulation respondents expected to get from important others...
These studies examined the relationship between salt preference of adult offspring and their mothers>> symptoms of morning sickness during pregnancy. College students who could provide information about their mothers>> symptoms of morning sickness completed a survey about their dietary salt intake (study 1;n=169) or rated and consumed ten snack foods (study 2;n=66). In study 1 a salt-use...
The nutritional implications of the purchase and consumption of reduced-fat foods at home were assessed in normal-weight, free-living consumers in a 6-week intervention study. Control (n=14) and experimental (n=15) subjects kept 4-day weighed food diaries to establish energy and macronutrient intake at baseline and experimental weeks 2, 4 and 6. The control group continued their habitual diet throughout...
Family resemblance in beliefs, attitudes and intentions towards the consumption of 20 foods that contribute to the fat intake was investigated in 97 adult women, their mothers and their grandmothers. Mean correlation for elements from the Fishbein and Ajzen theory of reasoned action between younger and middle generations ranged from 0.09 to 0.17 and between middle and older generations from 0.12 to...
To study the impact of work hours on eating habits the dietary intake of 96 male industrial workers on day work and two- and three-shift work was investigated using repeated 24 h recall. The intake of energy, 14 nutrients, and coffee and tea was computed, using a nutrient data base, for 8 h work and shifts (day, morning, afternoon, night) and for the 24-h periods including these work shifts. No changes...
The aims of the study were to investigate family members>> reasons for rejection of foods served in the family, the reasons for not serving specific foods, children's reasons for liking/disliking foods and the use of parental mealtime practices to encourage child eating. Also, the relationships between child/parental neophobia and (1) the reasons for not serving specific foods and (2) the use...
In 1969, Hervey hypothesized the long-term stability of body weight is actually mediated through the regulation of blood steroid concentration. We suggest that glucocorticoids are the regulated variable the concentration of which entails body-weight stability. A descriptive model of this regulation is proposed. Because steroids are soluble in lipids, it follows that their concentrations in the body...